夜伽
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 夜 | 伽 |
| よ Grade: 2 |
とぎ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi | |
Etymology
Compound of 夜 (yo, “night, nighttime”) + 伽 (togi, “company, accompaniment”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 対ぐ (togu, “to keep someone company, to accompany someone”, obsolete, rare, possibly dialect)).[1][2][3]
First cited to a text from 1658.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) よとぎ [yòtógí] (Heiban – [0])[2][4][3]
- (Tokyo) よとぎ [yòtógíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][4][3]
- (Tokyo) よとぎ [yóꜜtògì] (Atamadaka – [1])[4][3]
- IPA(key): [jo̞to̞ɡʲi]
Noun
夜伽 • (yotogi)
- [1658] watching over someone overnight while they sleep (such as done by a nurse or a bodyguard)
- [1658] a person who watches over someone overnight
- [1754–75] a woman accompanying a man in sleep
- [1920] an overnight vigil (as part of a funeral)
Verb
夜伽する • (yotogi suru) intransitive suru (stem 夜伽し (yotogi shi), past 夜伽した (yotogi shita))
- [1658] to watch over someone overnight while they sleep
- [1754–75] of a woman, to accompany a man in sleep
- [1920] to hold an overnight vigil (as part of a funeral)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 夜伽し | よとぎし | yotogi shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 夜伽し | よとぎし | yotogi shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 夜伽する | よとぎする | yotogi suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 夜伽する | よとぎする | yotogi suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 夜伽すれ | よとぎすれ | yotogi sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 夜伽せよ¹ 夜伽しろ² |
よとぎせよ¹ よとぎしろ² |
yotogi seyo¹ yotogi shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 夜伽される | よとぎされる | yotogi sareru |
| Causative | 夜伽させる 夜伽さす |
よとぎさせる よとぎさす |
yotogi saseru yotogi sasu |
| Potential | 夜伽できる | よとぎできる | yotogi dekiru |
| Volitional | 夜伽しよう | よとぎしよう | yotogi shiyō |
| Negative | 夜伽しない | よとぎしない | yotogi shinai |
| Negative continuative | 夜伽せず | よとぎせず | yotogi sezu |
| Formal | 夜伽します | よとぎします | yotogi shimasu |
| Perfective | 夜伽した | よとぎした | yotogi shita |
| Conjunctive | 夜伽して | よとぎして | yotogi shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 夜伽すれば | よとぎすれば | yotogi sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “夜▲伽”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026