堤防
Chinese
| dike | to protect; to defend; to guard (against) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (堤防) |
堤 | 防 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
- Hanyu Pinyin: dīfáng
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ ㄈㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: difáng
- Wade–Giles: ti1-fang2
- Yale: dī-fáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: difarng
- Palladius: дифан (difan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/
- Homophones:
堤防
提防
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tífáng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ㄈㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tífáng
- Wade–Giles: tʻi2-fang2
- Yale: tí-fáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyifarng
- Palladius: тифан (tifan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi³⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tai4 fong4
- Yale: tàih fòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tai4 fong4
- Guangdong Romanization: tei4 fong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɐi̯²¹ fɔːŋ²¹/
- Homophones:
堤防
提防
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thê-hông
- Tâi-lô: thê-hông
- Phofsit Daibuun: te'hoong
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰe²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
Noun
堤防
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 堤 | 防 |
| てい Grade: S |
ぼう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
/teibau/ → /teibɔː/ → /teiboː/
From Middle Chinese compound 堤防 (dei? bjang, literally “dike, embankment + dike”). Compare modern Cantonese reading tai4 fong4.
Pronunciation
Noun
- a levee, an embankment along a body of water, a dike
- 1949, 豊島与志雄, 男ぎらい:
- 小さな道を行き、少しく上ると、河の堤防の上に出ます。
- Chīsana michi o iki, sukoshiku agaru to, kawa no teibō no ue ni demasu.
- If you go down the narrow path and go up a little, you'll get to the top of the river embankment.
- 小さな道を行き、少しく上ると、河の堤防の上に出ます。
- 1949, 豊島与志雄, 男ぎらい:
See also
- 盛土 (moritsuchi), 盛土 (morido): a mound; a man-made embankment (not necessarily along a body of water), banking
Verb
堤防する • (teibō suru) ←ていばう (teibau)?suru (stem 堤防し (teibō shi), past 堤防した (teibō shita))
- to block off with an embankment
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 堤防し | ていぼうし | teibō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 堤防し | ていぼうし | teibō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 堤防する | ていぼうする | teibō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 堤防する | ていぼうする | teibō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 堤防すれ | ていぼうすれ | teibō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 堤防せよ¹ 堤防しろ² |
ていぼうせよ¹ ていぼうしろ² |
teibō seyo¹ teibō shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 堤防される | ていぼうされる | teibō sareru |
| Causative | 堤防させる 堤防さす |
ていぼうさせる ていぼうさす |
teibō saseru teibō sasu |
| Potential | 堤防できる | ていぼうできる | teibō dekiru |
| Volitional | 堤防しよう | ていぼうしよう | teibō shiyō |
| Negative | 堤防しない | ていぼうしない | teibō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 堤防せず | ていぼうせず | teibō sezu |
| Formal | 堤防します | ていぼうします | teibō shimasu |
| Perfective | 堤防した | ていぼうした | teibō shita |
| Conjunctive | 堤防して | ていぼうして | teibō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 堤防すれば | ていぼうすれば | teibō sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “堤防”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 堤 | 防 |
Noun
堤防 • (jebang) (hangeul 제방)