堕落

See also: 墮落

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 堕落 – see 墮落 (“to degenerate; to sink low; to fall; to drop; to come off”).
(This term is the simplified form of 墮落).
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji in this term
堕 落
だ
Grade: S 		らく
Grade: 3
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
墮落 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) だらく [dàrákú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [da̠ɾa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

堕(だ)落(らく) • (daraku) 

  1. depravity, corruption, degradation

Derived terms

  • 堕落論(だらくろん) (darakuron)

Adjective

堕(だ)落(らく) • (daraku) 

  1. depraved (extremely wrong in a moral sense)

Verb

堕(だ)落(らく)する • (daraku suru) suru (stem 堕(だ)落(らく)し (daraku shi), past 堕(だ)落(らく)した (daraku shita))

  1. to corrupt, backslide, degenerate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "堕落する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 堕落し だらくし daraku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 堕落し だらくし daraku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 堕落する だらくする daraku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 堕落する だらくする daraku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 堕落すれ だらくすれ daraku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 堕落せよ¹
堕落しろ² 		だらくせよ¹
だらくしろ² 		daraku seyo¹
daraku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 堕落される だらくされる daraku sareru
Causative 堕落させる
堕落さす 		だらくさせる
だらくさす 		daraku saseru
daraku sasu
Potential 堕落できる だらくできる daraku dekiru
Volitional 堕落しよう だらくしよう daraku shiyō
Negative 堕落しない だらくしない daraku shinai
Negative continuative 堕落せず だらくせず daraku sezu
Formal 堕落します だらくします daraku shimasu
Perfective 堕落した だらくした daraku shita
Conjunctive 堕落して だらくして daraku shite
Hypothetical conditional 堕落すれば だらくすれば daraku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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