坐す

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坐
ま Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 坐す – see the following entry.

【ます】

[suffix] expresses politeness toward and distance from the listener: vaguely similar to the social context indicated by the usted verb conjugation in Spanish, the vous conjugation in French, or the Sie conjugation in German

[suffix] (rare, humble) to do; expresses humbleness

Alternative spellings
在す, 〼

(This term, 坐す, is an alternative spelling (rare, dated) of the above term.)

References

“^▲坐す”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Old Japanese

Alternative forms

座す (masu)
在す (masu)

Verb

坐す (masu) (kana ます)

(honorific, intransitive) to be
(honorific, intransitive) to come
(honorific, intransitive) to go
(honorific, auxiliary) attaches to 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb as an honorific applying to the other party engaging in the action of the verb

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "坐す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	坐さ	まさ	masa
Continuative (連用形)	坐し	まし	masi
Terminal (終止形)	坐す	ます	masu
Attributive (連体形)	坐す	ます	masu
Realis (已然形)	坐せ	ませ	mase
Imperative (命令形)	坐せ	ませ	mase
Key constructions
Negative	坐さず	まさず	masazu
Contrasting conjunction	坐せど	ませど	masedo
Causal conjunction	坐せば	ませば	maseba
Conditional conjunction	坐さば	まさば	masaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	坐しき	ましき	masiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	坐しけり	ましけり	masikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	坐しつ	ましつ	masitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	坐しぬ	ましぬ	masinu
Perfect-continuative tense	坐せり坐したり	ませりましたり	maseri masitari
Volitional	坐さむ	まさむ	masamu