回む

Old Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spellings
廻む
迂む

Etymology

Appears to be cognate with (tama, ball, bead) and modern Japanese 訛む (damu, to speak hoarsely, or with an accent).

Pronunciation

  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [1]

Verb

回む (tamu) (kana たむ)

  1. to turn around, go around
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 58:
      何所爾可船泊爲良武安禮乃埼榜多味行之棚無小舟
      iduku ni ka punapate suramu Are-no2-saki1 ko2gi1tami2 yuki1si tana nasi wopune
      Where is it going to berth? A little dugout canoe which rowed and went around the cape of Are.
  2. to bend
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2363:
      岡前多未足道乎人莫通在乍毛公之來曲道爲
      woka-saki1 no tami2taru mi1ti wo pi1to2 na kayo1pi1 so2 aritutu mo ki1mi1 ga ki1 masamu yo2ki2mi1ti ni semu
      A bending road in front of the hill; don't pass through here by the others forever. I want to make it a secret path where you will come.

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "回む" (マ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 回み たみ tami
Continuative (連用形) 回み たみ tami
Terminal (終止形) 回む たむ tamu
Attributive (連体形) 回むる たむる tamuru
Realis (已然形) 回むれ たむれ tamure
Imperative (命令形) 回みよ たみよ tamiyo
Key constructions
Negative 回みず たみず tamizu
Contrasting conjunction 回むれど たむれど tamuredo
Causal conjunction 回むれば たむれば tamureba
Conditional conjunction 回みば たみば tamiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 回みき たみき tamiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 回みけり たみけり tamikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 回みつ たみつ tamitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 回みぬ たみぬ taminu
Perfect-continuative tense 回みたり たみたり tamitari
Volitional 回みむ たみむ tamimu

References

  1. ^ Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai-ni-han Henshū I'inkai (日本国語大辞典第二版編集委員会) (2001-2002), 日本国語大辞典 第二版 [Unabridged Japanese Dictionary: Second Edition], Tokyo (東京都): Shōgakukan (小学館), →ISBN