嘆息

See also: 歎息 and 叹息

Chinese

		to sigh	rest; news; interest rest; news; interest; breath
trad. (嘆息/歎息)		嘆/歎	息
simp. (叹息)		叹	息

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tànxī, tànxí

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧ, ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taan³ sik¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thàn-sek / thàn-siak / thàn-sit

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tànxī
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tànsi
  - Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴-hsi¹
  - Yale: tàn-syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tannshi
  - Palladius: таньси (tanʹsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    嘆息 / 叹息
    嘆惜 / 叹惜
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tànxí
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ ㄒㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tànsí
  - Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴-hsi²
  - Yale: tàn-syí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tannshyi
  - Palladius: таньси (tanʹsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taan³ sik¹
  - Yale: taan sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taan³ sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: tan³ xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn³³ sɪk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn-sek
  - Tâi-lô: thàn-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tarnseg
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰan²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰan¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn-siak
  - Tâi-lô: thàn-siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tarnsiag
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn-sit
  - Tâi-lô: thàn-sit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tarnsid
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰan²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/

Middle Chinese: thanH sik

Rime
Character	嘆	息
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他旦切	相即切
Baxter	thanH	sik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn^H/	/sɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn^H/	/sɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn^H/	/siek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan^H/	/sik̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn^H/	/siək̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn^H/	/sĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑn^H/	/si̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàn	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan³	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar-s sək/

(Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːns slɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嘆	息
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tàn	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ than^H ›	‹ sik ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar-s/	/*sək/
English	sigh	breathe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嘆	息
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	4895	13332
Phonetic component	暵	息
Rime group	元	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	炭	息
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːns/	/*slɯɡ/
Notes		說文自亦聲

Verb

嘆息

to sigh (with regret); to heave a sigh

Synonyms

edit

吐氣 / 吐气 (Hokkien)
呻氣 / 呻气 (san³ hi³) (Southern Pinghua)
咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary)
喘氣 / 喘气 (Hokkien, Teochew)
嘆 / 叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds)
嘆氣 / 叹气 (tànqì)
太息 (tàixī) (literary)
打咳聲 / 打咳声 (Harbin)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (嘆息):

→ Japanese: 嘆息(たんそく) (tansoku)
→ Korean: 탄식(歎息) (tansik)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
嘆	息
たん Grade: S	そく Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spellings
嘆息 (kyūjitai) 歎息

Noun

嘆(たん)息(そく) • (tansoku)

a sigh

Verb

嘆(たん)息(そく)する • (tansoku suru) intransitive suru (stem 嘆(たん)息(そく)し (tansoku shi), past 嘆(たん)息(そく)した (tansoku shita))

to sigh

Conjugation

Conjugation of "嘆息する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	嘆息し	たんそくし	tansoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	嘆息し	たんそくし	tansoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	嘆息する	たんそくする	tansoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	嘆息する	たんそくする	tansoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	嘆息すれ	たんそくすれ	tansoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	嘆息せよ¹ 嘆息しろ²	たんそくせよ¹ たんそくしろ²	tansoku seyo¹ tansoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	嘆息される	たんそくされる	tansoku sareru
Causative	嘆息させる嘆息さす	たんそくさせるたんそくさす	tansoku saseru tansoku sasu
Potential	嘆息できる	たんそくできる	tansoku dekiru
Volitional	嘆息しよう	たんそくしよう	tansoku shiyō
Negative	嘆息しない	たんそくしない	tansoku shinai
Negative continuative	嘆息せず	たんそくせず	tansoku sezu
Formal	嘆息します	たんそくします	tansoku shimasu
Perfective	嘆息した	たんそくした	tansoku shita
Conjunctive	嘆息して	たんそくして	tansoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	嘆息すれば	たんそくすれば	tansoku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“嘆息”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026