嗚咽

See also: 呜咽

Chinese

		(onomat. for humming)	to swallow; to choke (in crying); narrow pass to swallow; to choke (in crying); narrow pass; throat
trad. (嗚咽)		嗚	咽
simp. (呜咽)		呜	咽

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wūyè

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu¹ jit³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o͘-iat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wūyè
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wuyè
  - Wade–Giles: wu¹-yeh⁴
  - Yale: wū-yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uyeh
  - Palladius: уе (uje)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu¹ jit³
  - Yale: wū yit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu¹ jit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu¹ yid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː⁵⁵ jiːt̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘-iat
  - Tâi-lô: oo-iat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: o'iad
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² iɛt̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ³³ iɛt̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'u 'en|'enH|'et

Rime
Character	嗚	咽	咽	咽
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	先 (85)	先 (85)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	哀都切	烏前切	於甸切	烏結切
Baxter	'u	'en	'enH	'et
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔuo/	/ʔen/	/ʔen^H/	/ʔet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔuo/	/ʔen/	/ʔen^H/	/ʔet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔo/	/ʔɛn/	/ʔɛn^H/	/ʔɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɔ/	/ʔɛn/	/ʔɛn^H/	/ʔɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ʔo/	/ʔen/	/ʔen^H/	/ʔet̚/
Wang Li	/u/	/ien/	/ien^H/	/iet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔuo/	/ʔien/	/ʔien^H/	/ʔiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wū	yān	yàn	ye
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu¹	jin¹	jin³	jit³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaː qiːn|qiːns|qiːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	咽	咽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yān	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔen ›	‹ ʔen^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁi[n]/	/*ʔˁi[n]-s/
English	gullet	swallow (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嗚	咽	咽	咽
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	13078	15172	15173	15187
Phonetic component	烏	因	因	因
Rime group	魚	眞	眞	質
Rime subdivision	0	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	烏	煙	宴	噎
Old Chinese	/*qaː/	/*qiːn/	/*qiːns/	/*qiːd/
Notes			同嚥

Verb

嗚咽

to sob; to whimper

Synonyms

咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
哭 (kū)
哭泣 (kūqì)
哭訴 / 哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
啜氣 / 啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
啜泣 (chuòqì)
啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
嗆 / 呛 (Hokkien)
大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
忽喇 (hueh⁴ ci¹) (Jin)
抽咽 (chōuyè)
抽啜 (chōuchuò)
抽噎 (chōuyē)
抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
抽泣 (chōuqì)
泣 (literary, or in compounds)
流淚 / 流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
流眼淚 / 流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
號哭 / 号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
號啕 / 号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (嗚咽):

→ Japanese: 嗚咽(おえつ) (oetsu)
→ Korean: 오열(嗚咽) (oyeol)

Adjective

嗚咽

(literary, of a sound) low and deep

Derived terms

嗚嗚咽咽 / 呜呜咽咽

Japanese

Kanji in this term
嗚	咽
お Hyōgai	えつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
鳴咽 (misspelling)

Noun

嗚(お)咽(えつ) • (oetsu) ^{←をえつ (woetu)^?}

sobbing^[1]

Verb

嗚(お)咽(えつ)する • (oetsu suru) ^{←をえつ (woetu)^?}intransitive suru (stem 嗚(お)咽(えつ)し (oetsu shi), past 嗚(お)咽(えつ)した (oetsu shita))

to sob

Conjugation

Conjugation of "嗚咽する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	嗚咽し	おえつし	oetsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	嗚咽し	おえつし	oetsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	嗚咽する	おえつする	oetsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	嗚咽する	おえつする	oetsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	嗚咽すれ	おえつすれ	oetsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	嗚咽せよ¹ 嗚咽しろ²	おえつせよ¹ おえつしろ²	oetsu seyo¹ oetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	嗚咽される	おえつされる	oetsu sareru
Causative	嗚咽させる嗚咽さす	おえつさせるおえつさす	oetsu saseru oetsu sasu
Potential	嗚咽できる	おえつできる	oetsu dekiru
Volitional	嗚咽しよう	おえつしよう	oetsu shiyō
Negative	嗚咽しない	おえつしない	oetsu shinai
Negative continuative	嗚咽せず	おえつせず	oetsu sezu
Formal	嗚咽します	おえつします	oetsu shimasu
Perfective	嗚咽した	おえつした	oetsu shita
Conjunctive	嗚咽して	おえつして	oetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	嗚咽すれば	おえつすれば	oetsu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Classical conjugation of "嗚咽す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	嗚咽せ	をえつせ	woetu se
Continuative (連用形)	嗚咽し	をえつし	woetu si
Terminal (終止形)	嗚咽す	をえつす	woetu su
Attributive (連体形)	嗚咽する	をえつする	woetu suru
Realis (已然形)	嗚咽すれ	をえつすれ	woetu sure
Imperative (命令形)	嗚咽せよ	をえつせよ	woetu seyo
Key constructions
Negative	嗚咽せず	をえつせず	woetu sezu
Contrasting conjunction	嗚咽すれど	をえつすれど	woetu suredo
Causal conjunction	嗚咽すれば	をえつすれば	woetu sureba
Conditional conjunction	嗚咽せば	をえつせば	woetu seba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	嗚咽しき	をえつしき	woetu siki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	嗚咽しけり	をえつしけり	woetu sikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	嗚咽しつ	をえつしつ	woetu situ
Perfect tense (natural event)	嗚咽しぬ	をえつしぬ	woetu sinu
Perfect-continuative tense	嗚咽せり嗚咽したり	をえつせりをえつしたり	woetu seri woetu sitari
Volitional	嗚咽せむ	をえつせむ	woetu semu

References

^ “嗚咽”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

“^▲嗚^△咽”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
嗚	咽

Noun

嗚咽 • (oyeol) (hangeul 오열)

hanja form^? of 오열 (“sobbing, wailing”)