啟

See also: 啓 and 启
啟 U+555F, 啟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555F
← 啞
[U+555E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 啠 →
[U+5560]

Translingual

Traditional 啟
Simplified 启
Japanese 啓
Korean 啓

Han character

啟 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹口人大 (HROK), four-corner 38604, composition ⿰户攵(G) or ⿰启攵(HT))

Usage notes

This character form is not found in the Kangxi dictionary and is not used in Japan or Korea (啓 is used instead). It is the preferred form used in Hong Kong and Taiwan; historically the preferred form is 啓 in Hong Kong, but this has shifted in recent years.

Derived characters

  • 闙, 𥳃, 𣘼, 𭨠, 𦘦, 𮮝, 𫫤, 𫹢
  • 啓 (Form used in Japan and Korea) (Also found in the Kangxi Dictionary)

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 196, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3821
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+555F

Chinese

trad. 啟/啓
simp. 启
alternative forms 唘
啔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 啟
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (啓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
啓 *kʰeːʔ
啟 *kʰeːʔ
棨 *kʰeːʔ
綮 *kʰeːʔ
晵 *kʰeːʔ, *kʰens
闙 *kʰeːʔ
启 *kʰeːʔ

Shu-ta Yang: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 戶 (“door”) + 又 (“hand”) — to open a door with the hand. Later, 口 was added and 又 evolved to 攴.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 啟
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 康禮切
Baxter khejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰeiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰeiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰeiX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰieiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hai2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 啟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰˁijʔ/
English open (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 啟
Reading # 1/1
No. 10129
Phonetic
component 		啓
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		啓
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰeːʔ/
Notes 啓通用異體見漢簡

Definitions

啟

  1. to open
    啟封／启封  ―  qǐfēng  ―  to unseal; to break a seal
  2. to start; to begin; to commence
    啟用／启用  ―  qǐyòng  ―  to start using
  3. to inform; to state; to explain
    敬啟者／敬启者  ―  jìngqǐzhě  ―  to whom this may concern
  4. to enlighten; to educate; to inspire
    啟發／启发  ―  qǐfā  ―  to enlighten; to inspire; to stimulate; to arouse
  5. (literary) short letter; note
    謝啟／谢启  ―  xièqǐ  ―  note of thanks
  6. (historical) letter from a government official
  7. (Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
  8. short for 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù, “Revelation”)
  9. a surname

Synonyms

Terms for the book of Revelation in different branches of Christianity
Branch Names Abbreviations
Protestant 啟示錄 啟
Roman Catholic 若望默示錄, 默示錄 默
Eastern Orthodox 約安之啟示錄

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

啟

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • On (unclassified): けい (kei)
  • Kun: ひらく (hiraku)、もうす (mōsu)

Korean

Hanja

啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

啟: Hán Nôm readings: khải, khơi, khui

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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