唖然

Japanese

Kanji in this term
唖	然
あ Hyōgai	ぜん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spellings
啞然 (kyūjitai) あ然

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) あぜん [àzéń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [a̠zẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

唖(あ)然(ぜん) • (azen) ^†-tari (adnominal 唖(あ)然(ぜん)とした (azen to shita) or 唖(あ)然(ぜん)たる (azen taru), adverbial 唖(あ)然(ぜん)と (azen to) or 唖(あ)然(ぜん)として (azen to shite))

dumbfounded, speechless

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "唖然たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	唖然たら	あぜんたら	azen tara
Continuative (連用形)	唖然と^[1] 唖然たり^[2]	あぜんとあぜんたり	azen to azen tari
Terminal (終止形)	唖然たり	あぜんたり	azen tari
Attributive (連体形)	唖然たる	あぜんたる	azen taru
Realis (已然形)	唖然たれ	あぜんたれ	azen tare
Imperative (命令形)	唖然たれ	あぜんたれ	azen tare
Key constructions
Negative	唖然たらず	あぜんたらず	azen tarazu
Contrasting conjunction	唖然たれど	あぜんたれど	azen taredo
Causal conjunction	唖然たれば	あぜんたれば	azen tareba
Conditional conjunction	唖然たらば	あぜんたらば	azen taraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	唖然たりき	あぜんたりき	azen tariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	唖然たりけり	あぜんたりけり	azen tarikeri
Adverbial	唖然と	あぜんと	azen to

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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