咳嗽

Chinese

		cough; sound of sighing	cough
simp. and trad. (咳嗽)		咳	嗽
alternative forms		加嗽 Hokkien 膠嗽／胶嗽 Teochew 咁嗽 Leizhou Min

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): késou, késòu

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˊ ˙ㄙㄡ, ㄎㄜˊ ㄙㄡˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ke² sou⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): kěsou
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kat¹ sau³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kat² lheu¹
Gan (Wiktionary): kiet⁶ seu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiet-chhu̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): kêd⁵ sêu⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): kah⁴ sou³
Northern Min (KCR): kă̤-se̿
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ka-sàu / hâi-sàu / khâm-sàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ga¹ sao³ / hai⁶ sao³

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ga¹ sao³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷kheq-seu₅ / ⁷khoq-seu₅ / ⁷kheq-soe₅ / ⁷khoq-soe₅
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke⁶ sou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: késou
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ ˙ㄙㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: késo̊u
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo²-sou⁵
  - Yale: ké-sou
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ker.sou
  - Palladius: кэсоу (kɛsou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ³⁵ soʊ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: késòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˊ ㄙㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: késòu
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo²-sou⁴
  - Yale: ké-sòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kersow
  - Palladius: кэсоу (kɛsou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ³⁵ soʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ke² sou⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kesou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛ²¹ səu²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: kěsou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ²¹ sɤu/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kat¹ sau³
  - Yale: kāt sau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kat⁷ sau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ked¹ seo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐt̚⁵ sɐu̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kat² lheu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰat̚⁵⁵ ɬeu³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: kiet⁶ seu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛt̚⁵ sɛu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet-chhu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: kied^ˋ cug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵ cug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚² t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kêd⁵ sêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰɛt̚¹ seu⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: kah⁴ sou³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰaʔ² səu⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kă̤-se̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛ²⁴ se³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-sàu
  - Tâi-lô: ka-sàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kasaux
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ sau²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² sau²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ sau¹¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâi-sàu
  - Tâi-lô: hâi-sàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haisaux
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai²³⁻³³ sau²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hai²⁴⁻¹¹ sau¹¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khâm-sàu
  - Tâi-lô: khâm-sàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qamsaux
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ sau¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam²³⁻³³ sau²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ga¹ sao³ / hai⁶ sao³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ka sàu / hăi sàu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³⁻²³ sau²¹³/, /hai³⁵⁻¹¹ sau²¹³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: ga¹ sao³
  - Sinological IPA: /ka³⁵⁻³³ sau²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷kheq-seu₅
  - MiniDict: kheh^入 seu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kheq-seu₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰəʔ³³ sɤ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /kʰəʔ⁴⁴ sɯ³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰəʔ⁵⁵ søy⁵²³/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷khoq-seu₅
  - MiniDict: khoh^入 seu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴khoq-seu₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰoʔ³³ sɤ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading)
  - Wugniu: ⁷kheq-soe₅
  - MiniDict: kheh^入 soe^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /kʰəʔ⁴⁴ sø⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading)
  - Wugniu: ⁷khoq-soe₅
  - MiniDict: khoh^入 soe^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /kʰoʔ⁴⁴ sø⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ke⁶ sou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ̞²⁴ səu̯⁴⁵/

Verb

咳嗽

(intransitive) to cough
她咳嗽的聲音很大，嚇了我一跳。 [MSC, trad.]
她咳嗽的声音很大，吓了我一跳。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā késòu de shēngyīn hěn dà, xià le wǒ yī tiào. [Pinyin]
Her huge cough startled me.
(Classical, figurative) to make a sound; to speak

Synonyms

(to cough):

Dialectal synonyms of 咳嗽 (“to cough”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		嗽, 欬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		咳嗽
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	咳嗽
	Taiwan	咳嗽
	Ulanhot	咳嗽
	Tongliao	咳嗽
	Chifeng	咳嗽
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	咳嗽
	Harbin	咳嗽
	Shenyang	咳嗽
	Singapore	咳嗽
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	咳嗽
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	咳嗽
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	咳嗽
	Wanrong	咳嗽
	Zhengzhou	咳嗽
	Xi'an	咳嗽
	Xining	咳嗽
	Xuzhou	咳嗽
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	咳嗽
	Bayanhot	咳嗽
	Lanzhou	咳嗽, 咳
	Ürümqi	咳嗽
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	咳嗽
	Wuhan	咳, 咯
	Guiyang	咳嗽
	Kunming	咳嗽
	Liuzhou	咳嗽
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	咳嗽
	Yangzhou	咳, 咳嗽
	Hefei	咳嗽
	Huanggang	咳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咳
	Hong Kong	咳
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	咳嗽
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	咳嗽
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	咳
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	咳
	Macau	咳
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	咳
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	瘕
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	咳
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	咳
	Foshan	咳
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	咳
	Foshan (Shunde)	咳
	Foshan (Sanshui)	咳
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	咳
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	咳
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	咳
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	咳
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	咳
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	咳
	Taishan	嗽
	Kaiping (Chikan)	嗽
	Enping (Niujiang)	咳, 嗽
	Heshan (Yayao)	咳
	Dongguan	咳
	Shaoguan	咳, 咳嗽
	Yunfu	咳瘕
	Yangjiang	嗽, 咳嗽
	Xinyi	咳
	Lianjiang	咳
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咳
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咳嗽
Gan	Nanchang	咳, 咳嗽
Hakka	Meixian	咳嗽
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	咳嗽
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	咳
	Yudu	咳
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	咳, 咳嗽
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	嗽, 咳嗽
	Hong Kong	咳
	Senai (Huiyang)	咳
Huizhou	Jixi	咳嗽, 咳, 嗽
Jin	Taiyuan	咳嗽
	Xinzhou	咳嗽
	Taibus (Baochang)	咳嗽
	Linhe	咳嗽
	Jining	咳嗽
	Hohhot	咳嗽
	Baotou	咳嗽
	Dongsheng	咳嗽
	Haibowan	咳嗽
Northern Min	Jian'ou	咳嗽
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	嗽, 空嗽
	Fuzhou (Changle)	空嗽
	Fuqing	嗽
	Yongtai	空嗽
	Gutian	嗽
	Fu'an	嗽
	Ningde	嗽
	Shouning	嗽
	Zhouning	嗽
	Fuding	嗽
Southern Min	Xiamen	咁嗽, 咳嗽, 嗽
	Quanzhou	咁嗽
	Zhangzhou	咁嗽, 咳嗽
	Yilan	嗽, 咳嗽
	Penang (Hokkien)	嗽, 咳嗽, 峇啅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	咳嗽, 嗽
	Manila (Hokkien)	嗽
	Chaozhou	咳嗽
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	咳嗽
	Singapore (Teochew)	咳嗽
	Leizhou	咳嗽
	Haikou	咳嗽
	Singapore (Hainanese)	咳嗽
Puxian Min	Putian	瘕咆
Puxian Min	Xianyou	瘕咆
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	咳
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	咳
Wu	Shanghai	咳嗽
	Shanghai (Chongming)	咳嗽
	Suzhou	咳嗽, 咳
	Wuxi	咳嗽
	Danyang	咳嗽
	Hangzhou	嗆, 咳嗽
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	嗆, 咳嗽
	Ningbo	嗆, 嗽, 咳嗽
	Wenzhou	嗽, 咳嗽
	Jinhua	咳嗽, 咳
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	嗽
Xiang	Changsha	咳嗽, 咳
	Loudi	𠻞
	Shuangfeng	𠻞

Japanese

Kanji in this term
咳	嗽
がい Hyōgai	そう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) がいそー [gàísóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡa̠iso̞ː]

Noun

咳(がい)嗽(そう) • (gaisō) ^{←がいそう (gaisou)^?}

(medicine, formal) cough; coughing
Synonym: せき (seki)

Verb

咳(がい)嗽(そう)する • (gaisō suru) ^{←がいそう (gaisou)^?}suru (stem 咳(がい)嗽(そう)し (gaisō shi), past 咳(がい)嗽(そう)した (gaisō shita))

(medicine, formal) to cough

Conjugation

Conjugation of "咳嗽する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	咳嗽し	がいそうし	gaisō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	咳嗽し	がいそうし	gaisō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	咳嗽する	がいそうする	gaisō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	咳嗽する	がいそうする	gaisō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	咳嗽すれ	がいそうすれ	gaisō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	咳嗽せよ¹ 咳嗽しろ²	がいそうせよ¹ がいそうしろ²	gaisō seyo¹ gaisō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	咳嗽される	がいそうされる	gaisō sareru
Causative	咳嗽させる咳嗽さす	がいそうさせるがいそうさす	gaisō saseru gaisō sasu
Potential	咳嗽できる	がいそうできる	gaisō dekiru
Volitional	咳嗽しよう	がいそうしよう	gaisō shiyō
Negative	咳嗽しない	がいそうしない	gaisō shinai
Negative continuative	咳嗽せず	がいそうせず	gaisō sezu
Formal	咳嗽します	がいそうします	gaisō shimasu
Perfective	咳嗽した	がいそうした	gaisō shita
Conjunctive	咳嗽して	がいそうして	gaisō shite
Hypothetical conditional	咳嗽すれば	がいそうすれば	gaisō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲咳^▲嗽”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]