命中

Chinese

		life; fate	to hit the mark
simp. and trad. (命中)		命	中

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mìngzhòng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁶ zung³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bēng-tiòng / miā-tiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mìngzhòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mìngjhòng
  - Wade–Giles: ming⁴-chung⁴
  - Yale: mìng-jùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minqjonq
  - Palladius: минчжун (minčžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ming⁶ zung³
  - Yale: mihng jung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁶ dzung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ming⁶ zung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²² t͡sʊŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng-tiòng
  - Tâi-lô: bīng-tiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bexngdioxng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tiɔŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miā-tiong
  - Tâi-lô: miā-tiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: miaxdiofng
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /miã³³⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /miã³³⁻²¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: mjaengH trjuwngH

Rime
Character	命	中
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	眉病切	陟仲切
Baxter	mjaengH	trjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiæŋ^H/	/ʈɨuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiaŋ^H/	/ʈiuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/miaŋ^H/	/ȶiuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miajŋ^H/	/ʈuwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/miɐŋ^H/	/ȶiuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/mĭɐŋ^H/	/ȶĭuŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɐŋ^H/	/ȶi̯uŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mìng	zhòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ming⁶	zung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-riŋ-s truŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mreŋs tuŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	命	中
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mìng	zhòng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjæng^H ›	‹ trjuwng^H ›
Old Chinese	/m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: m-r- > mr-, -iŋ> *-eŋ)	/*truŋ-s/
English	command (n.)	hit the center
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	命	中
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	8275	17410
Phonetic component	令	中
Rime group	耕	終
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	命	中
Old Chinese	/*mreŋs/	/*tuŋs/
Notes	令轉註字

Verb

命中

to hit a target
- 力扼虎，射命中。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Lì è hǔ, shè mìngzhòng. [Pinyin]
  They have the strength to strangle tigers, the skill to hit whatever target they name.

Synonyms

打中 (dǎzhòng)
射中 (shèzhòng)
擊中／击中 (jīzhòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (命中):

→ Japanese: 命(めい)中(ちゅう) (meichū)
→ Korean: 명중(命中) (myeongjung)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
命	中
めい Grade: 3	ちゅう Grade: 1
on'yomi

Noun

命(めい)中(ちゅう) • (meichū)

a direct hit, bull's eye

Verb

命(めい)中(ちゅう)する • (meichū suru) suru (stem 命(めい)中(ちゅう)し (meichū shi), past 命(めい)中(ちゅう)した (meichū shita))

to make a direct hit

Conjugation

Conjugation of "命中する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	命中し	めいちゅうし	meichū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	命中し	めいちゅうし	meichū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	命中する	めいちゅうする	meichū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	命中する	めいちゅうする	meichū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	命中すれ	めいちゅうすれ	meichū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	命中せよ¹ 命中しろ²	めいちゅうせよ¹ めいちゅうしろ²	meichū seyo¹ meichū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	命中される	めいちゅうされる	meichū sareru
Causative	命中させる命中さす	めいちゅうさせるめいちゅうさす	meichū saseru meichū sasu
Potential	命中できる	めいちゅうできる	meichū dekiru
Volitional	命中しよう	めいちゅうしよう	meichū shiyō
Negative	命中しない	めいちゅうしない	meichū shinai
Negative continuative	命中せず	めいちゅうせず	meichū sezu
Formal	命中します	めいちゅうします	meichū shimasu
Perfective	命中した	めいちゅうした	meichū shita
Conjunctive	命中して	めいちゅうして	meichū shite
Hypothetical conditional	命中すれば	めいちゅうすれば	meichū sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“命中”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
命	中

Noun

命中 • (myeongjung) (hangeul 명중)

hanja form^? of 명중 (“hitting the target”)