厳し

Japanese

Alternative spelling
嚴し (kyūjitai)

厳(きび)し • (kibishi) ^†-shiku

tightly packed, close together, without gaps
- c. 790: Daihannya-kyō Ongi (Ishiyamadera manuscript, page 33)
  稠密 [...] 倭言伎比之
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Classical conjugation of "厳し" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	厳く^[1] 厳から^[2]	きびくきびから	kibiku kibikara
Continuative (連用形)	厳く^[1] 厳かり^[2]	きびくきびかり	kibiku kibikari
Terminal (終止形)	厳し	きびし	kibisi
Attributive (連体形)	厳き厳かる	きびききびかる	kibiki kibikaru
Realis (已然形)	厳けれ	きびけれ	kibikere
Imperative (命令形)	厳かれ	きびかれ	kibikare
Key constructions
Negative	厳からず	きびからず	kibikarazu
Contrasting conjunction	厳けれど	きびけれど	kibikeredo
Causal conjunction	厳ければ	きびければ	kibikereba
Conditional conjunction	厳くば	きびくば	kibikuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	厳かりき	きびかりき	kibikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	厳かりけり	きびかりけり	kibikarikeri
Adverbial	厳く	きびく	kibiku

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Classical conjugation of "厳し" (シク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	厳しく^[1] 厳しから^[2]	きびしくきびしから	kibisiku kibisikara
Continuative (連用形)	厳しく^[1] 厳しかり^[2]	きびしくきびしかり	kibisiku kibisikari
Terminal (終止形)	厳し	きびし	kibisi
Attributive (連体形)	厳しき厳しかる	きびしききびしかる	kibisiki kibisikaru
Realis (已然形)	厳しけれ	きびしけれ	kibisikere
Imperative (命令形)	厳しかれ	きびしかれ	kibisikare
Key constructions
Negative	厳しからず	きびしからず	kibisikarazu
Contrasting conjunction	厳しけれど	きびしけれど	kibisikeredo
Causal conjunction	厳しければ	きびしければ	kibisikereba
Conditional conjunction	厳しくば	きびしくば	kibisikuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	厳しかりき	きびしかりき	kibisikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	厳しかりけり	きびしかりけり	kibisikarikeri
Adverbial	厳しく	きびしく	kibisiku

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Tsukishima, Hiroshi (c. 790), Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 3: Daihannya-kyō Ongi, Daihannya-kyō Jishō (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN