南無
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (南無) | 南 | 無 | |
| simp. (南无) | 南 | 无 | |
| alternative forms | |||
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit नमो (namo), the sandhi form of Sanskrit नमस् (namas, literally “a bow”) that appears before words beginning with a voiced consonant, which was presumably common in Buddhist texts.
The modern pronunciations are irregular in order to match the original Sanskrit pronunciation.
Compare with 那摩斯戴 (nàmósīdài), "namaste", which is derived from the same origin.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): naa1 mou4 / naa1 mo4
- Gan (Wiktionary): la4 mo4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nà-mò
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): na2 mo2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâm-bû / nâ-mô͘
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nāmó
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄚ ㄇㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: namó
- Wade–Giles: na1-mo2
- Yale: nā-mwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nhamo
- Palladius: намо (namo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: námó
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˊ ㄇㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: námó
- Wade–Giles: na2-mo2
- Yale: ná-mwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: namo
- Palladius: намо (namo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: naa1 mou4 / naa1 mo4
- Yale: nā mòuh / nā mòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: naa1 mou4 / naa1 mo4
- Guangdong Romanization: na1 mou4 / na1 mo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /naː⁵⁵ mou̯²¹/, /naː⁵⁵ mɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nà-mò
- Hakka Romanization System: naˇ moˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: na2 mo2
- Sinological IPA: /na¹¹ mo¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-bû
- Tâi-lô: lâm-bû
- Phofsit Daibuun: lambuu
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² bu²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ bu²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² bu¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ bu²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâ-mô͘
- Tâi-lô: nâ-môo
- Phofsit Daibuun: namoo
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /nã²³⁻³³ mɔ̃²³/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /nã²⁴⁻¹¹ mɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: nom mju
Verb
南無
- (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 南 | 無 |
| な Grade: 2 (ateji) |
む Grade: 4 (ateji) |
| on'yomi | |
Transliteration of Sanskrit नमो (namo), from Sanskrit नमस् (námas, literally “a bow”),[1][2] possibly via Middle Chinese 南無 (MC nom mju).
Compare Mandarin 南無 / 南无 (námó).
Pronunciation
Phrase
南無 • (namu)
- (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 南 | 無 |
| な Grade: 2 (ateji) |
も Grade: 4 (ateji) |
| on'yomi | tōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 南謨 |
Likely a borrowing from Mandarin 南無 / 南无 (námó).
Phrase
南無 • (namo)
- (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).
See also
- 帰命 (kimyō)
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “南無”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 南 | 無 |
Verb
南無