勇武
Chinese
| brave | martial; military | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (勇武) | 勇 | 武 | |
| simp. #(勇武) | 勇 | 武 | |
Etymology
Attested earliest in Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals:
- 夫執介冑而後能拒敵者，故非聖人之所貴也。君子顯之於服，而勇武者消其誌於貌也矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Dong Zhongshu, Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals, [2nd century BCE]. 2016 translation by Sarah A. Queen & John S. Major)
- Fú zhí jièzhòu ér hòu néng jùdí zhě, gù fēi shèngrén zhī suǒguì yě. Jūnzǐ xiǎn zhī yú fú, ér yǒngwǔ zhě xiāo qí zhì yú mào yě yǐ. [Pinyin]
- Those who are able to stop the enemy only after “grasping armor and helmet” [i.e., resorting to warfare] are certainly not those whom the sage prized. The Noble Man manifested this in his dress. The intentions of the brave and martial were vitiated [when confronted by] his appearance.
夫执介冑而后能拒敌者，故非圣人之所贵也。君子显之于服，而勇武者消其志于貌也矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǒngwǔ [Phonetic: yóngwǔ]
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǒngwǔ
- Wade–Giles: yung3-wu3
- Yale: yǔng-wǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeongwuu
- Palladius: юнъу (junʺu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jung5 mou5
- Yale: yúhng móuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jung5 mou5
- Guangdong Romanization: yung5 mou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊŋ¹³ mou̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-bú
- Tâi-lô: ióng-bú
- Phofsit Daibuun: iofngbuo
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: yowngX mjuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋʔ m(r)aʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*loŋʔ maʔ/
Adjective
勇武
- valiant; courageous (in battle)
- 今世人舍慈仁，但為勇武，舍其儉約，但為奢泰，舍其後己，但為人先，所行如此，動入死地。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 老子河上公章句 (Heshang Gong's commentaries on the Tao Te Ching), [1st century CE].
- Jīn shìrén shè círén, dàn wéi yǒngwǔ, shè qí jiǎnyuē, dàn wéi shētài, shè qí hòujǐ, dàn wéi rénxiān, suǒxíng rúcǐ, dòng rù sǐdì. [Pinyin]
- Anybody in this world who neglects kindness and humaneness, while acting daringly and bellicosely; who neglects frugality, while acting wastefully; who neglects to put themselves behind others, while putting themselves before others; such actions are like walking into a deathtrap.
今世人舍慈仁，但为勇武，舍其俭约，但为奢泰，舍其后己，但为人先，所行如此，动入死地。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
- (literary) 麃麃 (biāobiāo)
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 勇 | 武 |
| ゆう Grade: 4 |
ぶ Grade: 5 |
| goon | kan'on |
Etymology
Appears to be a learned borrowing from Chinese 勇武 (yǒngwǔ). First cited to a text from the early 1600s.[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
勇武 • (yūbu) -na (adnominal 勇武な (yūbu na), adverbial 勇武に (yūbu ni))
- [from early 1600s] valourous or courageous in battle
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 勇武だろ | ゆうぶだろ | yūbu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 勇武で | ゆうぶで | yūbu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 勇武だ | ゆうぶだ | yūbu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 勇武な | ゆうぶな | yūbu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 勇武なら | ゆうぶなら | yūbu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 勇武であれ | ゆうぶであれ | yūbu de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 勇武ではない 勇武じゃない |
ゆうぶではない ゆうぶじゃない |
yūbu de wa nai yūbu ja nai |
| Informal past | 勇武だった | ゆうぶだった | yūbu datta |
| Informal negative past | 勇武ではなかった 勇武じゃなかった |
ゆうぶではなかった ゆうぶじゃなかった |
yūbu de wa nakatta yūbu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 勇武です | ゆうぶです | yūbu desu |
| Formal negative | 勇武ではありません 勇武じゃありません |
ゆうぶではありません ゆうぶじゃありません |
yūbu de wa arimasen yūbu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 勇武でした | ゆうぶでした | yūbu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 勇武ではありませんでした 勇武じゃありませんでした |
ゆうぶではありませんでした ゆうぶじゃありませんでした |
yūbu de wa arimasen deshita yūbu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 勇武で | ゆうぶで | yūbu de |
| Conditional | 勇武なら（ば） | ゆうぶなら（ば） | yūbu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 勇武だったら | ゆうぶだったら | yūbu dattara |
| Volitional | 勇武だろう | ゆうぶだろう | yūbu darō |
| Adverbial | 勇武に | ゆうぶに | yūbu ni |
| Degree | 勇武さ | ゆうぶさ | yūbusa |
Noun
勇武 • (yūbu)
See also
References
- ^ “勇武”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “勇武”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026