加工

Chinese

		to add; plus	work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour
simp. and trad. (加工)		加	工

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāgōng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚㄍㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹ gung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâ-kûng

(Hailu, HRS): ga^ˋ gung^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ga¹ gung¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ka-kang / kee-kang

(Teochew, Peng'im): gia¹ gang¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ge¹ gang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāgōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiagong
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-kung¹
  - Yale: jyā-gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiagong
  - Palladius: цзягун (czjagun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    加工
    夾攻 / 夹攻
    家公
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaa¹ gung¹
  - Yale: gā gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    加工
    家公
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-kûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˊ gung^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ gung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˋ gung^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ka⁵³ kuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ga¹ gung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴ kʊŋ⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-kang
  - Tâi-lô: ka-kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ka'kafng
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ka³³ kaŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ka⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
  - Tâi-lô: kee-kang
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gia¹ gang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kia kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kia³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: ge¹ gang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kɛ³⁵⁻³³ kaŋ³⁵/

Verb

加工

to process (to perform mechanical or chemical operations)
to polish (to improve; to refine)

Noun

加工

processing (of a mechanical or chemical nature)
材料加工工程 ― cáiliào jiāgōng gōngchéng ― material processing engineering

農產品加工／农产品加工 ― nóngchǎnpǐn jiāgōng ― processing of agricultural products
working (of machinery)

Adjective

加工

(attributive) processed
加工食品 ― jiāgōng shípǐn ― processed food

Antonyms

純天然／纯天然 (chúntiānrán)
無加工／无加工 (wújiāgōng)

Derived terms

加工廠 / 加工厂 (jiāgōngchǎng)
加工業 / 加工业 (jiāgōngyè)
加工機 / 加工机 (jiāgōngjī)
加工水 (jiāgōngshuǐ)
深加工 (shēnjiāgōng)
無加工 / 无加工 (wújiāgōng)
精加工

Pronunciation 2

Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ke-kang / kee-kang

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ge¹ gang¹

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke-kang
  - Tâi-lô: ke-kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ke'kafng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ke⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³ kaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee-kang
  - Tâi-lô: kee-kang
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: ge¹ gang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kɛ³⁵⁻³³ kaŋ³⁵/

Verb

加工

(Hokkien) to waste one's energy
(Leizhou Min) to take a lot of work

Japanese

Kanji in this term
加	工
か Grade: 4	こう Grade: 2
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かこー [kàkóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ko̞ː]

Noun

加(か)工(こう) • (kakō)

Verb

加(か)工(こう)する • (kakō suru) transitive suru (stem 加(か)工(こう)し (kakō shi), past 加(か)工(こう)した (kakō shita))

Conjugation

Conjugation of "加工する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	加工し	かこうし	kakō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	加工し	かこうし	kakō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	加工する	かこうする	kakō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	加工する	かこうする	kakō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	加工すれ	かこうすれ	kakō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	加工せよ¹ 加工しろ²	かこうせよ¹ かこうしろ²	kakō seyo¹ kakō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	加工される	かこうされる	kakō sareru
Causative	加工させる加工さす	かこうさせるかこうさす	kakō saseru kakō sasu
Potential	加工できる	かこうできる	kakō dekiru
Volitional	加工しよう	かこうしよう	kakō shiyō
Negative	加工しない	かこうしない	kakō shinai
Negative continuative	加工せず	かこうせず	kakō sezu
Formal	加工します	かこうします	kakō shimasu
Perfective	加工した	かこうした	kakō shita
Conjunctive	加工して	かこうして	kakō shite
Hypothetical conditional	加工すれば	かこうすれば	kakō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

“加工”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
加	工

Noun

加工 • (gagong) (hangeul 가공)

hanja form^? of 가공 (“processing; treatment; improvement”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
加	工

Verb

加工

chữ Hán form of gia công (“to process”)

[ZAJ-1] Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

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