切腹

Chinese

		close to; to cut; to slice	abdomen; stomach; belly
trad. (切腹)		切	腹
simp. ^#(切腹)		切	腹

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 切腹(せっぷく) (seppuku).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiēfù

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cit³ fuk¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiat-pak

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiēfù
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciefù
  - Wade–Giles: chʻieh¹-fu⁴
  - Yale: chyē-fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiefuh
  - Palladius: цефу (cefu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cit³ fuk¹
  - Yale: chit fūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsit⁸ fuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: qid³ fug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːt̚³ fʊk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiat-pak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiat-pak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiatpag
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ pak̚³²/

Verb

切⫽腹 (verb-object) (intransitive)

to commit ritualized self-disembowelment; to commit ritualized suicide; to commit harakiri; to commit seppuku

Japanese

Kanji in this term
切	腹
せつ > せっ Grade: 2	ふく > ぷく Grade: 6
on'yomi

Etymology

切 (setsu, “to cut”) +‎ 腹 (fuku, “belly”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せっぷく [sèppúkú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [se̞p̚pɯ̟̊kɯ̟]

Homophones: 折伏, 説伏, 説服

Noun

切(せっ)腹(ぷく) • (seppuku)

seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment)
Synonym: 腹切り (harakiri)
- 2004 September 8, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)十(じゅう)七(なな)訓(くん)　酔(よ)ってなくても酔(よ)ったふりして上(じょう)司(し)のヅラ取(と)れ [Lesson 17: Even If You’re Not Drunk, Pretend to Be, and Snatch Your Boss’s Toupée]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
  
  いけェェ　局(きょく)長(ちょう)ォ‼
  Ikēe Kyokuchōo‼
  Gooo, Captain!
  死(し)ねェ　副(ふく)長(ちょう)‼
  Shinē Fukuchō‼
  Dieee, Vice-Captain!
  誰(だれ)だ今(いま)死(し)ねっつったの‼切(せっ)腹(ぷく)だコラァ‼
  Dare da ima shinettsutta no‼ Seppuku da korā‼
  Who said die!? Seppuku, now!

Descendants

→ Chinese: 切腹 (qiēfù)
→ Danish: seppuku
→ English: seppuku
→ Polish: seppuku
→ Portuguese: seppuku
→ Russian: сэппуку (sɛppuku)

Verb

切(せっ)腹(ぷく)する • (seppuku suru) suru (stem 切(せっ)腹(ぷく)し (seppuku shi), past 切(せっ)腹(ぷく)した (seppuku shita))

to commit seppuku

Conjugation

Conjugation of "切腹する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	切腹し	せっぷくし	seppuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	切腹し	せっぷくし	seppuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	切腹する	せっぷくする	seppuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	切腹する	せっぷくする	seppuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	切腹すれ	せっぷくすれ	seppuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	切腹せよ¹ 切腹しろ²	せっぷくせよ¹ せっぷくしろ²	seppuku seyo¹ seppuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	切腹される	せっぷくされる	seppuku sareru
Causative	切腹させる切腹さす	せっぷくさせるせっぷくさす	seppuku saseru seppuku sasu
Potential	切腹できる	せっぷくできる	seppuku dekiru
Volitional	切腹しよう	せっぷくしよう	seppuku shiyō
Negative	切腹しない	せっぷくしない	seppuku shinai
Negative continuative	切腹せず	せっぷくせず	seppuku sezu
Formal	切腹します	せっぷくします	seppuku shimasu
Perfective	切腹した	せっぷくした	seppuku shita
Conjunctive	切腹して	せっぷくして	seppuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	切腹すれば	せっぷくすれば	seppuku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

割(かっ)腹(ぷく) (kappuku)

References

“切腹”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN