出馬
See also: 出马
Chinese
to go out; to come out; to occur to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas) |
horse; surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (出馬) | 出 | 馬 | |
| simp. (出马) | 出 | 马 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chūmǎ
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄇㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chumǎ
- Wade–Giles: chʻu1-ma3
- Yale: chū-mǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chumaa
- Palladius: чума (čuma)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ceot1 maa5
- Yale: chēut máh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet7 maa5
- Guangdong Romanization: cêd1 ma5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ maː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-má
- Tâi-lô: tshut-má
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhutmar
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ mã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-bé
- Tâi-lô: tshut-bé
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhutbea
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ be⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ be⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
出馬
- (formal, literally) to take to the field on horseback; to ride out onto the battlefield
- (formal, figuratively) to take charge; to go into action
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 出 | 馬 |
| しゅつ Grade: 1 |
ば Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Noun
出馬 • (shutsuba)
- riding out on a horse; often to a battlefield
- coming forward, especially by running as a candidate in an election
Verb
出馬する • (shutsuba suru) suru (stem 出馬し (shutsuba shi), past 出馬した (shutsuba shita))
- ride out on horseback, often to battle
- come forward, typically to run as a candidate for an election
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 出馬し | しゅつばし | shutsuba shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 出馬し | しゅつばし | shutsuba shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 出馬する | しゅつばする | shutsuba suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 出馬する | しゅつばする | shutsuba suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 出馬すれ | しゅつばすれ | shutsuba sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 出馬せよ¹ 出馬しろ² |
しゅつばせよ¹ しゅつばしろ² |
shutsuba seyo¹ shutsuba shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 出馬される | しゅつばされる | shutsuba sareru |
| Causative | 出馬させる 出馬さす |
しゅつばさせる しゅつばさす |
shutsuba saseru shutsuba sasu |
| Potential | 出馬できる | しゅつばできる | shutsuba dekiru |
| Volitional | 出馬しよう | しゅつばしよう | shutsuba shiyō |
| Negative | 出馬しない | しゅつばしない | shutsuba shinai |
| Negative continuative | 出馬せず | しゅつばせず | shutsuba sezu |
| Formal | 出馬します | しゅつばします | shutsuba shimasu |
| Perfective | 出馬した | しゅつばした | shutsuba shita |
| Conjunctive | 出馬して | しゅつばして | shutsuba shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 出馬すれば | しゅつばすれば | shutsuba sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “出馬”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
- Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN