出家

Chinese

		to go out; to come out; to occur to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)	home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
simp. and trad. (出家)		出	家

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chūjiā

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot¹ gaa¹
Gan (Wiktionary): ciit⁶ ga¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhut-kâ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhut-ke

(Teochew, Peng'im): cug⁴ gê¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chūjiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chujia
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu¹-chia¹
  - Yale: chū-jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chujia
  - Palladius: чуцзя (čuczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceot¹ gaa¹
  - Yale: chēut gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet⁷ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêd¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ciit⁶ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ ka⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhut-kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: cud^ˋ ga^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cud⁵ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰut̚² ka²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-ke
  - Tâi-lô: tshut-ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhutkef
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ke⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cug⁴ gê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuk ke
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ ke³³/

Middle Chinese: tsyhwijH|tsyhwit kae

Rime
Character	出	出	家
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)	昌 (24)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)	術 (52)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	II
Fanqie	尺類切	赤律切	古牙切
Baxter	tsyhwijH	tsyhwit	kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuɪ^H/	/t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/	/kˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷi^H/	/t͡ɕʰʷit̚/	/kᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuɪ^H/	/t͡ɕʰjuet̚/	/ka/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰwi^H/	/cʰwit̚/	/kaɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰui^H/	/t͡ɕʰiuĕt̚/	/ka/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰwi^H/	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕt̚/	/ka/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰwi^H/	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕt̚/	/ka/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuì	chu	jiā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi³	ceot¹	gaa¹

Verb

出⫽家 (verb-object)

(intransitive, Buddhism, Taoism) to leave home to become monk or nun
- 自今公私皆不得出家爲道，及起立塔寺，以宅爲精舍，幷嚴斷之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  自今公私皆不得出家为道，及起立塔寺，以宅为精舍，并严断之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 659 CE, Li Dashi and Li Yanshou, History of the Southern Dynasties
  Zìjīn gōngsī jiē bùdé chūjiā wéi dào, jí qǐlì tǎ sì, yǐ zhái wéi jīngshè, bìng yán duàn zhī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Antonyms

在家 (zàijiā)

Derived terms

出家人 (chūjiārén)
半路出家 (bànlùchūjiā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (出家):

→ Japanese: 出(しゅっ)家(け) (shukke)
→ Korean: 출가(出家) (chulga)
→ Vietnamese: xuất gia (出家)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
出	家
しゅつ > しゅっ Grade: 1	け Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゅっけ [shùkké] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨk̚ke̞]

Noun

出(しゅっ)家(け) • (shukke)

(Buddhist) priest, bonze

Verb

出(しゅっ)家(け)する • (shukke suru) intransitive suru (stem 出(しゅっ)家(け)し (shukke shi), past 出(しゅっ)家(け)した (shukke shita))

to leave home to become a Buddhist monk or nun
Antonym: 在家 (zaike)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "出家する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	出家し	しゅっけし	shukke shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	出家し	しゅっけし	shukke shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	出家する	しゅっけする	shukke suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	出家する	しゅっけする	shukke suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	出家すれ	しゅっけすれ	shukke sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	出家せよ¹ 出家しろ²	しゅっけせよ¹ しゅっけしろ²	shukke seyo¹ shukke shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	出家される	しゅっけされる	shukke sareru
Causative	出家させる出家さす	しゅっけさせるしゅっけさす	shukke saseru shukke sasu
Potential	出家できる	しゅっけできる	shukke dekiru
Volitional	出家しよう	しゅっけしよう	shukke shiyō
Negative	出家しない	しゅっけしない	shukke shinai
Negative continuative	出家せず	しゅっけせず	shukke sezu
Formal	出家します	しゅっけします	shukke shimasu
Perfective	出家した	しゅっけした	shukke shita
Conjunctive	出家して	しゅっけして	shukke shite
Hypothetical conditional	出家すれば	しゅっけすれば	shukke sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“出家”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
出	家

Noun

出家 • (chulga) (hangeul 출가)

hanja form^? of 출가 (“joining the sangha; becoming a monk”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
出	家

Verb

出家

chữ Hán form of xuất gia (“to be ordained”)