凝神

Chinese

		congeal; concentrate attention	God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being
trad. (凝神)		凝	神
simp. ^#(凝神)		凝	神

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): níngshén

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ san⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gêng-sîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: níngshén
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: níngshén
  - Wade–Giles: ning²-shên²
  - Yale: níng-shén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningshern
  - Palladius: ниншэнь (ninšɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ ʂən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jing⁴ san⁴
  - Yale: yìhng sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ sɐn²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    凝神
    迎神
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêng-sîn
  - Tâi-lô: gîng-sîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gengsiin
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² sin¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

Middle Chinese: nging|ngingH zyin

Rime
Character	凝	凝	神
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	蒸 (133)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	魚陵切	牛𩜁切	食鄰切
Baxter	nging	ngingH	zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨŋ/	/ŋɨŋ^H/	/ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɨŋ/	/ŋɨŋ^H/	/ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋieŋ/	/ŋieŋ^H/	/ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋiŋ/	/ŋiŋ^H/	/ʑin/
Li Rong	/ŋiəŋ/	/ŋiəŋ^H/	/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/ŋĭəŋ/	/ŋĭəŋ^H/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯əŋ/	/ŋi̯əŋ^H/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yíng	yìng	shén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁴	jing⁶	san⁴

Verb

凝神

to focus one's attention

Synonyms

凝思 (níngsī)
厾厾想 (Hokkien)
定神 (dìngshén)
注神 (zhùshén)
註註想 / 注注想 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

Derived terms

凝神細聽 / 凝神细听
凝神貫注 / 凝神贯注

Related terms

出神 (chūshén)
入神 (rùshén)