凌駕

See also: 凌驾

Chinese

		encroach; soar; thick ice	to drive; to draw; to harness to drive; to draw; to harness; to mount
trad. (凌駕/淩駕)		凌/淩	駕
simp. (凌驾)		凌	驾

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): língjià

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴ gaa³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: língjià
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: língjià
  - Wade–Giles: ling²-chia⁴
  - Yale: líng-jyà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lingjiah
  - Palladius: линцзя (linczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ling⁴ gaa³
  - Yale: lìhng ga
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴ gaa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴ ga³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹ kaː³³/

Verb

凌駕

to be above; to override
任何人都不能凌駕於法律之上。 [MSC, trad.]
任何人都不能凌驾于法律之上。 [MSC, simp.]
Rènhé rén dōu bù néng língjià yú fǎlǜ zhī shàng. [Pinyin]
No one is above the law.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
凌	駕
りょう Jinmeiyō	が Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
陵駕

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) りょーが [ryóꜜògà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾʲo̞ːɡa̠]

Noun

凌(りょう)駕(が) • (ryōga)

excelling; surpassing; outdoing

Verb

凌(りょう)駕(が)する • (ryōga suru) suru (stem 凌(りょう)駕(が)し (ryōga shi), past 凌(りょう)駕(が)した (ryōga shita))

to excel; to surpass; to outdo
総(そう)合(ごう)力(りょく)で他(ほか)チームを凌(りょう)駕(が)する
sōgōryoku de hoka chīmu o ryōga suru
To surpass other teams in overall strength

Conjugation

Conjugation of "凌駕する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	凌駕し	りょうがし	ryōga shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	凌駕し	りょうがし	ryōga shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	凌駕する	りょうがする	ryōga suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	凌駕する	りょうがする	ryōga suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	凌駕すれ	りょうがすれ	ryōga sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	凌駕せよ¹ 凌駕しろ²	りょうがせよ¹ りょうがしろ²	ryōga seyo¹ ryōga shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	凌駕される	りょうがされる	ryōga sareru
Causative	凌駕させる凌駕さす	りょうがさせるりょうがさす	ryōga saseru ryōga sasu
Potential	凌駕できる	りょうができる	ryōga dekiru
Volitional	凌駕しよう	りょうがしよう	ryōga shiyō
Negative	凌駕しない	りょうがしない	ryōga shinai
Negative continuative	凌駕せず	りょうがせず	ryōga sezu
Formal	凌駕します	りょうがします	ryōga shimasu
Perfective	凌駕した	りょうがした	ryōga shita
Conjunctive	凌駕して	りょうがして	ryōga shite
Hypothetical conditional	凌駕すれば	りょうがすれば	ryōga sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲凌^▲駕”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
凌	駕

Noun

凌駕 • (neungga) (hangeul 능가)

hanja form^? of 능가 (“excelling; surpassing; outdoing”)