凌ぐ
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 凌 |
| しの Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) しのぐ [shìnóꜜgù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1] more common
- (Tokyo) しのぐ [shìnógú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɕino̞ɡɯ̟]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 凌ぐ
| Plain | 凌ぐ | しのぐ しのぐ |
[shìnóꜜgù] [shìnógú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 凌いで | しのいで しのいで |
[shìnóꜜìdè] [shìnóídé] |
| Perfective | 凌いだ | しのいだ しのいだ |
[shìnóꜜìdà] [shìnóídá] |
| Negative | 凌がない | しのがない しのがない |
[shìnógáꜜnàì] [shìnógánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 凌がなかった | しのがなかった しのがなかった |
[shìnógáꜜnàkàttà] [shìnógánáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凌げば | しのげば しのげば |
[shìnóꜜgèbà] [shìnógéꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 凌いだら | しのいだら しのいだら |
[shìnóꜜìdàrà] [shìnóídáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 凌げ | しのげ しのげ |
[shìnóꜜgè] [shìnógé] |
| Volitional | 凌ごう | しのごー | [shìnógóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 凌ぎたい | しのぎたい しのぎたい |
[shìnógítáꜜì] [shìnógítáí] |
| Formal | 凌ぎます | しのぎます | [shìnógímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 凌ぎません | しのぎません | [shìnógímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 凌ぎましょう | しのぎましょー | [shìnógímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 凌ぎました | しのぎました | [shìnógímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 凌ぎ 凌ぎに |
しのぎ しのぎ しのぎに しのぎに |
[shìnóꜜgì] [shìnógí] [shìnóꜜgì nì] [shìnógí ní] |
| Negative continuative | 凌がず 凌がずに |
しのがず しのがず しのがずに しのがずに |
[shìnógáꜜzù] [shìnógázú] [shìnógáꜜzù nì] [shìnógázú ní] |
| Passive | 凌がれる | しのがれる しのがれる |
[shìnógáréꜜrù] [shìnógárérú] |
| Causative | 凌がせる 凌がす |
しのがせる しのがせる しのがす しのがす |
[shìnógáséꜜrù] [shìnógásérú] [shìnógáꜜsù] [shìnógású] |
| Potential | 凌げる | しのげる しのげる |
[shìnógéꜜrù] [shìnógérú] |
Verb
凌ぐ • (shinogu) transitive godan (stem 凌ぎ (shinogi), past 凌いだ (shinoida))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凌が | しのが | shinoga |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凌ぎ | しのぎ | shinogi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凌ぐ | しのぐ | shinogu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凌ぐ | しのぐ | shinogu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凌げ | しのげ | shinoge |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 凌げ | しのげ | shinoge |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 凌がれる | しのがれる | shinogareru |
| Causative | 凌がせる 凌がす |
しのがせる しのがす |
shinogaseru shinogasu |
| Potential | 凌げる | しのげる | shinogeru |
| Volitional | 凌ごう | しのごう | shinogō |
| Negative | 凌がない | しのがない | shinoganai |
| Negative continuative | 凌がず | しのがず | shinogazu |
| Formal | 凌ぎます | しのぎます | shinogimasu |
| Perfective | 凌いだ | しのいだ | shinoida |
| Conjunctive | 凌いで | しのいで | shinoide |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凌げば | しのげば | shinogeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 凌が | しのが | sinoga |
| Continuative (連用形) | 凌ぎ | しのぎ | sinogi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 凌ぐ | しのぐ | sinogu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 凌ぐ | しのぐ | sinogu |
| Realis (已然形) | 凌げ | しのげ | sinoge |
| Imperative (命令形) | 凌げ | しのげ | sinoge |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 凌がず | しのがず | sinogazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 凌げど | しのげど | sinogedo |
| Causal conjunction | 凌げば | しのげば | sinogeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 凌がば | しのがば | sinogaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 凌ぎき | しのぎき | sinogiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 凌ぎけり | しのぎけり | sinogikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 凌ぎつ | しのぎつ | sinogitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 凌ぎぬ | しのぎぬ | sinoginu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 凌げり 凌ぎたり |
しのげり しのぎたり |
sinogeri sinogitari |
| Volitional | 凌がむ | しのがむ | sinogamu |
References
- “▲凌ぐ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026