冬

冬 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 2730₃, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))

• 佟 咚 㚵 峂 㠽 㤏 𢫝 泈 㹣 㣠 𨒟 𣁲 昸 柊 炵 䂢 終(终) 𨀐 鉖 𩢦 鮗 鴤 鼨
• 䧷 䳉 䶱 㐑 螽 苳 㫡 笗 𩂓 㲇 鼕 氡 庝 疼 图 𥮴

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
• Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 867, character 19
• Unihan data for U+51AC

• Unihan data for U+2F81A

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːŋ): phonetic 夂 (zhǐ, “end”) + semantic 日 (“day”) or 仌 (“ice”).

Bronze script and Chu slip script

Composed of the early form of 終 (“end”, as well phonetic), here represented by Shuowen ancient script , + 日 (“day”). In bronze script, 日 () was inside . In Chu slip script, 日 () was below ().

Seal script, Qin clerical script and after

Composed of (“end”, as well phonetic) + 仌 (“ice”).

Possibly related to 終 (OC *tjuŋ, “to end”) (Wang, 1982, Sagart, 2023b). Sagart (ibid.) also proposes cognacy to Chepang त्‍युङ्‌हसा (tyuŋh, “at end, be weak, exhausted”), द्युमःसा (dyumʔ, “at ease after completing work”), द्युम्‌सा (dyum, “terminate, reach end; to be at end”), Jingpho chatum (“end, finish”), Limbu [script needed] (tum-ma, “ripe, mature”), Proto-Central Naga *a-thəm (“end, finish”).

冬

1. winter
2. (Cantonese) winter solstice

   做冬 [Cantonese]  ―  zou⁶ dung¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to celebrate the winter solstice with a dinner

   冬大過年／冬大过年 [Cantonese]  ―  dung¹ daai⁶ gwo³ nin⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  the winter solstice is more important than Chinese New Year

3. (Hokkien) year
4. (～日) (telegraphy) the second day of a month
5. a surname

冬

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, cha chaan teng jargon) alternative form of 凍 / 冻 (dung³, “cold; iced”)
   • 2006 October 12, 莊志聰, quoting 蔡坤明, “義務培訓失業人士 茶餐廳為飲食業添生力軍”, in CSR脈搏 [CSR Pulse]‎^[1], volume 4, page 10:

     例如凍檸檬茶，要寫成『冬0T』，你要全部記得住，寫得快，水吧又要明白，一點也不易！」 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     例如冻柠檬茶，要写成『冬0T』，你要全部记得住，写得快，水吧又要明白，一点也不易！」 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     lai⁶ jyu⁴ dung³ ning⁴ mung¹ caa⁴, jiu³ se² sing⁴ ‘dung³ 0T’, nei⁵ jiu³ cyun⁴ bou⁶ gei³ dak¹ zyu⁶, se² dak¹ faai³, seoi² baa¹ jau⁶ jiu³ ming⁴ baak⁶, jat¹ dim² jaa⁵ bat¹ ji⁶!” [Jyutping]

     For example, iced lemon tea needs to be written as "冬0T". You need to be able to remember it and write it quickly, and the drinks counter has to understand it. It's not easy at all!

   • 2018, 徐振邦以及一羣本土青年寫作人 [Chui Chun Pong et al.], 下午茶——小息生活提案 [Make Time for Tea Break], Hong Kong: 突破出版社 [Breakthrough Ltd.], →ISBN, page 132:

     她用姆指^{[sic – meaning 拇指]}壓一壓破舊的卡紙，「冬T」便隨着紙角翹向下成了一個倒三角形，緊緊扣住桌邊。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     她用姆指^{[sic – meaning 拇指]}压一压破旧的卡纸，「冬T」便随着纸角翘向下成了一个倒三角形，紧紧扣住桌边。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     taa¹ jung⁶ mou⁵ zi² aat³ jat¹ aat³ po³ gau⁶ dik¹ kaat¹ zi², “dung³ T” bin⁶ ceoi⁴ zoek⁶ zi² gok³ kiu⁴ hoeng³ haa⁶ sing⁴ liu⁵ jat¹ go³ dou² saam¹ gok³ jing⁴, gan² gan² kau³ zyu⁶ coek³ bin¹. [Jyutping]

     She pressed on the worn-out card with her thumb, "冬T" ("iced milk tea") curled downwards along the corner of the card, making an upside-down triangle, tightly clinging on to the edge of the table.

• “冬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 冬)

• Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←とう (tou, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←とう (tou, historical)}
• Kun: ふゆ (fuyu, 冬, Jōyō)
• Nanori: かず (kazu)、とし (toshi)、ふゆ (fuyu)

• 冬瓜(かもうり) (kamouri)
• 忍冬(すいかずら) (suikazura)

⟨puyu⟩ → /ɸuju/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *puyu.

• (Tokyo) ふゆ [fùyúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟jɯ̟]

• Audio:

  (file)

冬(ふゆ) • (fuyu) 

1. winter (season)

   Synonyms: 冬季 (tōki), 冬期 (tōki)

   冬(ふゆ)の狂(きょう)風(ふう)

   Fuyu no Kyōfū

   The Winds of Winter

From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC towng).

冬(とう) • (tō) 

1. winter

• ウィンター (wintā)

• “冬”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC towng). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

冬 (eumhun 겨울 동 (gyeoul dong))

1. hanja form^? of 동 (“winter”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

• On (unclassified): とぅん (tun)
• Kun: ふゆ (fuyu, 冬, Jōyō)

Compare Japanese 冬 (fuyu, “winter”).

• IPA^(key): [ɸuju]

冬(ふゆ) (fuyu) 

1. winter

• “ふゆ【冬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

冬: Hán Việt readings: đông^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}
冬: Nôm readings: đong^[1][2][3], đông^[1][2][7], chông^[1], rung^[1]

1. chữ Hán form of đông (“winter”)
2. chữ Nôm form of đong
   1. to measure (an amount of liquid, etc.)
   2. used in đòng đong (“kind of small barb that lives in ponds or paddy fields”)
   3. used in long đong (“filled with hardship and misfortune”)
3. chữ Nôm form of đông
   1. to congeal; to coagulate; to freeze
   2. crowded; populous; densely populated
4. chữ Nôm form of rung (“to put in motion; to shake; to agitate; to ring (bell)”)