候う

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
候
そうろ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Shift from 侍(さぶら)う (saburau).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ɯ̟]
  • IPA(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ː]

Verb

候(そうろ)う • (sōrou) ←さうらふ (saurafu)?godan (stem 候(そうろ)い (sōroi), past 候(そうろ)った (sōrotta))

  1. to serve
  2. to be
Conjugation
Conjugation of "候う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 候わ そうろわ sōrowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 候い そうろい sōroi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 候う そうろう sōrou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 候う そうろう sōrou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 候え そうろえ sōroe
Meireikei ("imperative") 候え そうろえ sōroe
Key constructions
Passive 候われる そうろわれる sōrowareru
Causative 候わせる
候わす 		そうろわせる
そうろわす 		sōrowaseru
sōrowasu
Potential 候える そうろえる sōroeru
Volitional 候おう そうろおう sōroō
Negative 候わない そうろわない sōrowanai
Negative continuative 候わず そうろわず sōrowazu
Formal 候います そうろいます sōroimasu
Perfective 候った そうろった sōrotta
Conjunctive 候って そうろって sōrotte
Hypothetical conditional 候えば そうろえば sōroeba
Classical conjugation of "候ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 候は さうらは saurafa
Continuative (連用形) 候ひ さうらひ saurafi
Terminal (終止形) 候ふ さうらふ saurafu
Attributive (連体形) 候ふ さうらふ saurafu
Realis (已然形) 候へ さうらへ saurafe
Imperative (命令形) 候へ さうらへ saurafe
Key constructions
Negative 候はず さうらはず saurafazu
Contrasting conjunction 候へど さうらへど saurafedo
Causal conjunction 候へば さうらへば saurafeba
Conditional conjunction 候はば さうらはば saurafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 候ひき さうらひき saurafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 候ひけり さうらひけり saurafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 候ひつ さうらひつ saurafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 候ひぬ さうらひぬ saurafinu
Perfect-continuative tense 候へり
候ひたり		 さうらへり
さうらひたり		 sauraferi
saurafitari
Volitional 候はむ さうらはむ saurafamu
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
候
さもら
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
候
さむら
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
候
さぶら
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 候う – see the following entry.
【侍さもらう】
[verb] to wait for a chance
[verb] to serve by one's side
【侍さぶらう】
[verb] to serve by one's side
[verb] (copula) to be
【侍さむらう】
[verb] (copula) to be
[verb] verbal suffix
(This term, 候う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
候
もら
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 候う – see the following entry.
【守もらう】
[verb] (Classical Japanese) to be watching continuously, to be on watch repeatedly, to be on look out
(This term, 候う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
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