倉皇

Chinese

	barn; granary; storehouse barn; granary; storehouse; cabin; hold (in ship)	emperor; surname
trad. (倉皇)	倉	皇
simp. (仓皇)	仓	皇
alternative forms	倉黃／仓黄倉惶／仓惶蒼黃／苍黄

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cānghuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄤㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cong¹ wong⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhong-hông / chhong-pōng / chhiong-pōng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cānghuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄤㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: canghuáng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻang¹-huang²
  - Yale: tsāng-hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsanghwang
  - Palladius: цанхуан (canxuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    倉惶 / 仓惶
    倉皇 / 仓皇
    蒼黃 / 苍黄
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cong¹ wong⁴
  - Yale: chōng wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsong¹ wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cong¹ wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    倉皇 / 仓皇
    蒼黃 / 苍黄
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-hông
  - Tâi-lô: tshong-hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhonghoong
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-pōng
  - Tâi-lô: tshong-pōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhongpong
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong-pōng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong-pōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiongpong
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: tshang hwang

Rime
Character	倉	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	七岡切	胡光切
Baxter	tshang	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaŋ/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cāng	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cong¹	wong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤaŋ|tsʰˤaŋ [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ ɡʷaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	倉	倉	皇	皇
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cāng	cāng	huáng	huáng
Middle Chinese	‹ tshang ›	‹ tshang ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›
Old Chinese	/*[s.r̥]ˁaŋ/	/*tsʰˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/
English	tshang-kæng "oriole"	granary	yellow and white spotted	sovereign
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倉	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1125	12696
Phonetic component	倉	王
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	倉	黃
Old Chinese	/*sʰaːŋ/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/
Notes		禮王制鄭注冕屬，金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文

Adjective

倉皇

in a panic; flurried; scared and hasty

Synonyms

edit

侷促 (júcù) (dialectal)
促忙 (cùmáng) (literary)
倉促 / 仓促 (cāngcù)
倉卒 / 仓卒 (cāngcù)
倉忙 / 仓忙 (cāngmáng) (literary)
匆促 (cōngcù)
匆匆 (cōngcōng)
匆忙 (cōngmáng)
匆猝 (cōngcù) (literary)
急且 (jíqiě) (literary)
急促 (jícù)
急切 (jíqiè)
急匆匆 (jícōngcōng)
急急 (jíjí) (literary)
急迫 (jípò)
慌促 (huāngcù)
慌忙 (huāngmáng)
緊狂 / 紧狂 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

Derived terms

倉倉皇皇 / 仓仓皇皇
倉皇失措 / 仓皇失措
倉皇無措 / 仓皇无措

Japanese

Kanji in this term
倉	皇
そう Grade: 4	こう Grade: 6
on'yomi	kan'on

Alternative spelling
蒼惶

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そーこー [sòókóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːko̞ː]

Adjective

倉(そう)皇(こう) • (sōkō) ^{←さうくゎう (saukwau)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 倉(そう)皇(こう)とした (sōkō to shita) or 倉(そう)皇(こう)たる (sōkō taru), adverbial 倉(そう)皇(こう)と (sōkō to) or 倉(そう)皇(こう)として (sōkō to shite))

in a panic

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "倉皇たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	倉皇たら	そうこうたら	soukoutara
Continuative (連用形)	倉皇と^[1] 倉皇たり^[2]	そうこうとそうこうたり	soukouto soukoutari
Terminal (終止形)	倉皇たり	そうこうたり	soukoutari
Attributive (連体形)	倉皇たる	そうこうたる	soukoutaru
Realis (已然形)	倉皇たれ	そうこうたれ	soukoutare
Imperative (命令形)	倉皇たれ	そうこうたれ	soukoutare
Key constructions
Negative	倉皇たらず	そうこうたらず	soukoutarazu
Contrasting conjunction	倉皇たれど	そうこうたれど	soukoutaredo
Causal conjunction	倉皇たれば	そうこうたれば	soukoutareba
Conditional conjunction	倉皇たらば	そうこうたらば	soukoutaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	倉皇たりき	そうこうたりき	soukoutariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	倉皇たりけり	そうこうたりけり	soukoutarikeri
Adverbial	倉皇と	そうこうと	soukouto

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Synonyms

倉(そう)卒(そつ) (sōsotsu)

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“倉皇”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
倉	皇

Noun

倉皇 • (changhwang) (hangeul 창황)

hanja form^? of 창황

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]