俠

See also: 侠
俠 U+4FE0, 俠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FE0
← 俟
[U+4FDF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 信 →
[U+4FE1]

Translingual

Han character

俠 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人大人人 (OKOO), four-corner 24238, composition ⿰亻夾)

  1. knight-errantry

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 706
  • Dae Jaweon: page 224, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 158, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+4FE0

Chinese

trad. 俠
simp. 侠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俠
s05773
Transcribed ancient scripts
L38583
L38584
L29588
L29589
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (夾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瘞 *qrebs
瘱 *qeːbs
脥 *kʰemʔ
浹 *skaːb, *skeːb
挾 *skaːb, *ɡeːb
夾 *kreːb
郟 *kreːb
筴 *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
裌 *kreːb
鵊 *kreːb
狹 *ɡreːb
峽 *ɡreːb
硤 *ɡreːb
陜 *ɡreːb
陿 *ɡreːb
翜 *sraːb, *srɯːb
梜 *kraːb, *keːb
頰 *keːb
莢 *keːb
鋏 *keːb
蛺 *keːb
唊 *keːb
悏 *kʰeːb
匧 *kʰeːb
愜 *kʰeːb
篋 *kʰeːb
俠 *ɡeːb
綊 *ɡeːb

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kiap - colloquial variant;
  • hia̍p - literary.
Rime
Character 俠
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 怗 (158)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 胡頰切
Baxter hep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦep̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦep̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɛp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɛp̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣep̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣiep̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣiep̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jip6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 俠
Reading # 1/1
No. 5915
Phonetic
component 		夾
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		協
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡeːb/

Definitions

俠

  1. chivalrous person; knight-errant
  2. chivalrous; gallant

Compounds

References

  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “侠”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 254.

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

侠

Print
standard

俠

Kanji

俠

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 侠)

  1. chivalrous person
  2. chivalry
  3. knight-errant
  4. tomboy

Readings

  • Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げふ (gefu, historical)
  • Kan-on: きょう (kyō)←けふ (kefu, historical)
  • Tō-on: きゃん (kyan)←きやん (kyan, historical)
  • Kun: おとこだて (otokodate, 俠)
  • Nanori: いさむ (isamu)、さとる (satoru)、たもつ (tamotsu)、ちか (chika)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
俠
きょう
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep).

Pronunciation

Noun

俠(きょう) • (kyō) ←けふ (kefu)?

  1. Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
俠
きゃん
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Noun

俠(きゃん) • (kyan) 

  1. Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy

Adjective

俠(きゃん) • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠(きゃん)な (kyan na), adverbial 俠(きゃん)に (kyan ni))

  1. Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish
Inflection
Inflection of 俠
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 俠だろ きゃんだろ kyan daro
Continuative (連用形) 俠で きゃんで kyan de
Terminal (終止形) 俠だ きゃんだ kyan da
Attributive (連体形) 俠な きゃんな kyan na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 俠なら きゃんなら kyan nara
Imperative (命令形) 俠であれ きゃんであれ kyan de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 俠ではない
俠じゃない 		きゃんではない
きゃんじゃない 		kyan de wa nai
kyan ja nai
Informal past 俠だった きゃんだった kyan datta
Informal negative past 俠ではなかった
俠じゃなかった 		きゃんではなかった
きゃんじゃなかった 		kyan de wa nakatta
kyan ja nakatta
Formal 俠です きゃんです kyan desu
Formal negative 俠ではありません
俠じゃありません 		きゃんではありません
きゃんじゃありません 		kyan de wa arimasen
kyan ja arimasen
Formal past 俠でした きゃんでした kyan deshita
Formal negative past 俠ではありませんでした
俠じゃありませんでした 		きゃんではありませんでした
きゃんじゃありませんでした 		kyan de wa arimasen deshita
kyan ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 俠で きゃんで kyan de
Conditional 俠なら（ば） きゃんなら（ば） kyan nara (ba)
Provisional 俠だったら きゃんだったら kyan dattara
Volitional 俠だろう きゃんだろう kyan darō
Adverbial 俠に きゃんに kyan ni
Degree 俠さ きゃんさ kyansa

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)

  1. chivalrous person
  2. knight-errant

Vietnamese

Han character

俠: Hán Nôm readings: hiệp

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