侵害

Chinese

to invade; to infringe; to approach
to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm
to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
 
trad. (侵害) 侵 害
simp. #(侵害) 侵 害

Pronunciation

Verb

侵害

  1. to infringe on; to encroach on; to violate
  2. (of a bacterium, pest, etc.) to invade; to attack

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (侵害):
  • → Japanese: 侵害(しんがい) (shingai)
  • → Korean: 침해(侵害) (chimhae)
  • → Vietnamese: xâm hại (侵害)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
侵 害
しん
Grade: S 		がい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しんがい [shìńgáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕĩŋɡa̠i]

Noun

侵(しん)害(がい) • (shingai) 

  1. violation, infringement, breach
    Ａ社(Ａ しゃ)は人権(じんけん)侵害(しんがい)で告訴(こくそ)された。
    Ａ Sha wa jinken shingai de kokuso sareta.
    Company A was sued for human rights violations.

Verb

侵(しん)害(がい)する • (shingai suru) transitive suru (stem 侵(しん)害(がい)し (shingai shi), past 侵(しん)害(がい)した (shingai shita))

  1. to infringe, to breach
    • 2022 November 15, 小西洋之, quotee, “第210回国会　参議院　外交防衛委員会　第6号　令和4年11月15日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎[1], 国立国会図書館:
      まさに日本国民の人権を侵害して財産を奪い、そういう団体なんですよね。
      Masa ni Nihon kokumin no jinken o shingai shite zaisan o ubai, sō iu dantai nan desu yo ne.
      It is an organization that violates the human rights of Japanese citizens and steals their property.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "侵害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 侵害し しんがいし shingai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 侵害し しんがいし shingai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 侵害する しんがいする shingai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 侵害する しんがいする shingai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 侵害すれ しんがいすれ shingai sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 侵害せよ¹
侵害しろ² 		しんがいせよ¹
しんがいしろ² 		shingai seyo¹
shingai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 侵害される しんがいされる shingai sareru
Causative 侵害させる
侵害さす 		しんがいさせる
しんがいさす 		shingai saseru
shingai sasu
Potential 侵害できる しんがいできる shingai dekiru
Volitional 侵害しよう しんがいしよう shingai shiyō
Negative 侵害しない しんがいしない shingai shinai
Negative continuative 侵害せず しんがいせず shingai sezu
Formal 侵害します しんがいします shingai shimasu
Perfective 侵害した しんがいした shingai shita
Conjunctive 侵害して しんがいして shingai shite
Hypothetical conditional 侵害すれば しんがいすれば shingai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • “侵害”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
  • Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
侵害

Noun

侵害 • (chimhae) (hangeul 침해)

  1. hanja form? of 침해 (“violation, infringement”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
侵害

Verb

侵害

  1. chữ Hán form of xâm hại (“to encroach upon and damage”)
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