伸長

See also: 伸长

Chinese

		to stretch; to extend	long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop
trad. (伸長)		伸	長
simp. (伸长)		伸	长

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēncháng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣㄔㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹ coeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn-chhòng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhun-tn̂g

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēncháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shencháng
  - Wade–Giles: shên¹-chʻang²
  - Yale: shēn-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shencharng
  - Palladius: шэньчан (šɛnʹčan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    伸長 / 伸长
    深長 / 深长
    身長 / 身长
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: san¹ coeng⁴
  - Yale: sān chèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ tsoeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ cêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    伸長 / 伸长
    身長 / 身长
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn-chhòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˊ cong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹ cong²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun-tn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: tshun-tn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhund'ngg
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³ tŋ̍²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² tŋ̍¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ tŋ̍²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/

Middle Chinese: syin drjang

Rime
Character	伸	長
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失人切	直良切
Baxter	syin	drjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪn/	/ɖɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕin/	/ɖiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjen/	/ȡiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕin/	/ɖɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕn/	/ȡiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕn/	/ȡĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕn/	/ȡʱi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēn	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san¹	coeng⁴

Verb

伸長

to stretch, to extend
伸長雙手／伸长双手 [Cantonese] ― san¹ coeng⁴ soeng¹ sau² [Jyutping] ― to extend one's arms

Synonyms

延伸 (yánshēn)
延展 (yánzhǎn)
延長 / 延长 (yáncháng)
拉長 / 拉长 (lācháng)
抽長 / 抽长 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
伸	長
しん Grade: S	ちょう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
伸暢

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 伸長 (MC syin drjang).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんちょー [shìńchóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

Noun

伸(しん)長(ちょう) • (shinchō) ^{←しんちやう (sintyau)^?}

stretching, extension

Derived terms

伸長位(しんちょうい) (shinchōi, “a variation of the missionary position in which a man spreads himself over the woman”)

Verb

伸(しん)長(ちょう)する • (shinchō suru) ^{←しんちやう (sintyau)^?}suru (stem 伸(しん)長(ちょう)し (shinchō shi), past 伸(しん)長(ちょう)した (shinchō shita))

to stretch, to extend

Conjugation

Conjugation of "伸長する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	伸長し	しんちょうし	shinchō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	伸長し	しんちょうし	shinchō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	伸長する	しんちょうする	shinchō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	伸長する	しんちょうする	shinchō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	伸長すれ	しんちょうすれ	shinchō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	伸長せよ¹ 伸長しろ²	しんちょうせよ¹ しんちょうしろ²	shinchō seyo¹ shinchō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	伸長される	しんちょうされる	shinchō sareru
Causative	伸長させる伸長さす	しんちょうさせるしんちょうさす	shinchō saseru shinchō sasu
Potential	伸長できる	しんちょうできる	shinchō dekiru
Volitional	伸長しよう	しんちょうしよう	shinchō shiyō
Negative	伸長しない	しんちょうしない	shinchō shinai
Negative continuative	伸長せず	しんちょうせず	shinchō sezu
Formal	伸長します	しんちょうします	shinchō shimasu
Perfective	伸長した	しんちょうした	shinchō shita
Conjunctive	伸長して	しんちょうして	shinchō shite
Hypothetical conditional	伸長すれば	しんちょうすれば	shinchō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“伸長”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026