人見知り

Japanese

Kanji in this term
人	見	知
ひと Grade: 1	み Grade: 1	し Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 人 (hito, “person, people”) +‎ 見知り (mishiri, “seeing and knowing [a person], knowing someone by sight; an acquaintance”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 見知る (mishiru, “to know someone by sight, to be acquainted with someone”)).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひとみしり [hìtómíshírí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[5]^[4]
(Tokyo) ひとみしり [hìtómíꜜshìrì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]^[5]^[4]
IPA^(key): [çi̥to̞mʲiɕiɾʲi]

Noun

人(ひと)見(み)知(し)り • (hitomishiri)

shyness, fear of strangers

Verb

人(ひと)見(み)知(し)りする • (hitomishiri suru) suru (stem 人(ひと)見(み)知(し)りし (hitomishiri shi), past 人(ひと)見(み)知(し)りした (hitomishiri shita))

be nervous around strangers, be shy
人見知(ひとみし)りしない
hitomishiri shinai
He takes to strangers.

Usage notes

May optionally take the object particle を (o) between hitomishiri and suru.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "人見知りする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	人見知りし	ひとみしりし	hitomishiri shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	人見知りし	ひとみしりし	hitomishiri shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	人見知りする	ひとみしりする	hitomishiri suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	人見知りする	ひとみしりする	hitomishiri suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	人見知りすれ	ひとみしりすれ	hitomishiri sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	人見知りせよ¹ 人見知りしろ²	ひとみしりせよ¹ ひとみしりしろ²	hitomishiri seyo¹ hitomishiri shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	人見知りされる	ひとみしりされる	hitomishiri sareru
Causative	人見知りさせる人見知りさす	ひとみしりさせるひとみしりさす	hitomishiri saseru hitomishiri sasu
Potential	人見知りできる	ひとみしりできる	hitomishiri dekiru
Volitional	人見知りしよう	ひとみしりしよう	hitomishiri shiyō
Negative	人見知りしない	ひとみしりしない	hitomishiri shinai
Negative continuative	人見知りせず	ひとみしりせず	hitomishiri sezu
Formal	人見知りします	ひとみしりします	hitomishiri shimasu
Perfective	人見知りした	ひとみしりした	hitomishiri shita
Conjunctive	人見知りして	ひとみしりして	hitomishiri shite
Hypothetical conditional	人見知りすれば	ひとみしりすれば	hitomishiri sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“人見知り”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] 5.0 ^5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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