下令

Chinese

		under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter	make or cause to be; order; command make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable
trad. (下令)		下	令
simp. ^#(下令)		下	令

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàlìng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁶ ling⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ha-lin

(Hailu, HRS): ha^˖ lin^˖
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ha⁵ ling⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hǎ-lēng / hā-lēng / hēe-lēng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàlìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàlìng
  - Wade–Giles: hsia⁴-ling⁴
  - Yale: syà-lìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahlinq
  - Palladius: сялин (sjalin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    下令
    夏令
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: haa⁶ ling⁶
  - Yale: hah lihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁶ ling⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ha⁶ ling⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²² lɪŋ²²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    下令
    夏令
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ha-lin
  - Hakka Romanization System: ha lin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ha⁴ lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ha⁵⁵ lin⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ha^˖ lin^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ha³³ lin³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ha⁵ ling⁵ [Phonetic: ha⁴ ling⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hā-līng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha¹¹⁻⁴² liŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ha⁵ ling⁵ [Phonetic: ha⁴ ling⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha²¹⁻⁴² liŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎ-lēng
  - Tâi-lô: hǎ-līng
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²² liɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-lēng
  - Tâi-lô: hā-līng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haxleng
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ liɪŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ liɪŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ liɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēe-lēng
  - Tâi-lô: hēe-līng
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²²⁻²¹ liɪŋ²²/

Verb

下令

to order; to give an order

Synonyms

edit

令
吩咐 (fēnfù)
命令 (mìnglìng)
指令 (zhǐlìng)
申令 (shēnlìng) (formal)
著令 (zhuólìng)
號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
責令 / 责令 (zélìng)
責成 / 责成 (zéchéng)
飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng) (dated, usually in official documents)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (下令):

→ Korean: 하령(下令) (haryeong)
→ Vietnamese: hạ lệnh (下令)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
下	令
か Grade: 1	れい Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾe̞ː]

Noun

下(か)令(れい) • (karei)

the act of giving an order

Verb

下(か)令(れい)する • (karei suru) suru (stem 下(か)令(れい)し (karei shi), past 下(か)令(れい)した (karei shita))

to order; to give orders

Conjugation

Conjugation of "下令する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	下令し	かれいし	karei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	下令し	かれいし	karei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	下令する	かれいする	karei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	下令する	かれいする	karei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	下令すれ	かれいすれ	karei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	下令せよ¹ 下令しろ²	かれいせよ¹ かれいしろ²	karei seyo¹ karei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	下令される	かれいされる	karei sareru
Causative	下令させる下令さす	かれいさせるかれいさす	karei saseru karei sasu
Potential	下令できる	かれいできる	karei dekiru
Volitional	下令しよう	かれいしよう	karei shiyō
Negative	下令しない	かれいしない	karei shinai
Negative continuative	下令せず	かれいせず	karei sezu
Formal	下令します	かれいします	karei shimasu
Perfective	下令した	かれいした	karei shita
Conjunctive	下令して	かれいして	karei shite
Hypothetical conditional	下令すれば	かれいすれば	karei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative