一言

Chinese

		one; single; a one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad. (一言)		一	言

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīyán

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jat¹ jin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yit-ngièn / yit-ngiàn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): it-giân / it-gân
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷iq-yi; ⁷iq ⁶yi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīyán [Phonetic: yìyán]
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yiyán
  - Wade–Giles: i¹-yen²
  - Yale: yī-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iyan
  - Palladius: иянь (ijanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jat¹ jin⁴
  - Yale: yāt yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁷ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yed¹ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: id^ˋ ngien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁵ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚² ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)id^ˋ ngian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁵ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚² ŋi̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it-giân
  - Tâi-lô: it-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: itgieen
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /it̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /it̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it-gân
  - Tâi-lô: it-gân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: itgaan
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /it̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷iq-yi; ⁷iq ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: ih^入 yi; ih^入 yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴iq-hhi; ⁴iq ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɪʔ³³ ɦi⁴⁴/, /iɪʔ⁴⁴ ɦi²³/

Noun

一言

(literary) one sentence; something to say; brief remark
(literary) one character

Derived terms

一言一動 / 一言一动
一言一行 (yīyányīxíng)
一言不合
一言不發 / 一言不发 (yīyánbùfā)
一言中的
一言九鼎 (yīyánjiǔdǐng)
一言以蔽之 (yīyán yǐ bì zhī)
一言兩語 / 一言两语
一言千金
一言半句 (yīyánbànjù)
一言半字
一言半語 / 一言半语 (yīyánbànyǔ)
一言半辭 / 一言半辞
一言喪邦 / 一言丧邦
一言堂 (yīyántáng)
一言定交
一言已定，千金不移
一言抄百總 / 一言抄百总
一言既出
一言既出，駟馬難追 / 一言既出，驷马难追 (yīyánjìchū, sìmǎnánzhuī)
一言為定 / 一言为定 (yīyánwéidìng)
一言而定
一言興邦 / 一言兴邦 (yīyánxīngbāng)
一言蔽之 (yīyánbìzhī)
一言訂交 / 一言订交
一言難盡 / 一言难尽 (yīyánnánjìn)
一言難罄 / 一言难罄
丈夫一言，快馬一鞭 / 丈夫一言，快马一鞭
不交一言
君子一言，快馬一鞭 / 君子一言，快马一鞭 (jūnzǐ yī yán, kuài mǎ yī biān)
君子一言，駟馬難追 / 君子一言，驷马难追 (jūnzǐ yīyán, sìmǎ nánzhuī)
默無一言 / 默无一言

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (一言):

→ Korean: 일언(一言) (ireon)
→ Vietnamese: nhất ngôn (一言)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
一	言
いち Grade: 1	ごん Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 一言 (MC ʔjit ngjon, literally “one + speech, word”). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いちごん [ìchígóń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɡõ̞ɴ]

Noun

一(いち)言(ごん) • (ichigon)

a (single) word, a few words

Idioms

一(いち)言(ごん)以(も)って之(これ)を蔽(おお)う (ichigon motte kore o ōu): “to cover this with one word/phrase” → to sum up complicated details in a few short words
一(いち)言(ごん)も無(な)い (ichigon mo nai): “not even a word” → to be speechless; to have nothing to say
一(いち)言(ごん)一(いっ)句(く) (ichigon ikku): “one word on phrase” → word by word, distinctly (as when speaking carefully)
一(いち)言(ごん)半(はん)句(く) (ichigon hanku): “one word half a phrase” → word by word, distinctly (as when speaking carefully)
一(いち)言(ごん)既(すで)に出(い)ずれば駟(し)馬(ば)も追(お)い難(がた)し (ichigon sude ni izureba shiba mo oigatashi): “a word once said is hard to catch even with a four-horse team”

Derived terms

一(いち)言(ごん)居(こ)士(じ) (ichigon koji): a person who must speak their mind about everything
一(いち)言(ごん)詩(し) (ichigon shi): a traditional poem wherein a single character is used to fit the meter of a whole line

Verb

一(いち)言(ごん)する • (ichigon suru) suru (stem 一(いち)言(ごん)し (ichigon shi), past 一(いち)言(ごん)した (ichigon shita))

to say a few words

Conjugation

Conjugation of "一言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	一言し	いちごんし	ichigon shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	一言し	いちごんし	ichigon shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	一言する	いちごんする	ichigon suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	一言する	いちごんする	ichigon suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	一言すれ	いちごんすれ	ichigon sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	一言せよ¹ 一言しろ²	いちごんせよ¹ いちごんしろ²	ichigon seyo¹ ichigon shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	一言される	いちごんされる	ichigon sareru
Causative	一言させる一言さす	いちごんさせるいちごんさす	ichigon saseru ichigon sasu
Potential	一言できる	いちごんできる	ichigon dekiru
Volitional	一言しよう	いちごんしよう	ichigon shiyō
Negative	一言しない	いちごんしない	ichigon shinai
Negative continuative	一言せず	いちごんせず	ichigon sezu
Formal	一言します	いちごんします	ichigon shimasu
Perfective	一言した	いちごんした	ichigon shita
Conjunctive	一言して	いちごんして	ichigon shite
Hypothetical conditional	一言すれば	いちごんすれば	ichigon sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
一	言
いち Grade: 1	げん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Shift in pronunciation from ichigon above, using the kan'on of gen for the 言 character.^[3]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いちげん [ìchígéń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

一(いち)言(げん) • (ichigen)

a (single) word, a few words

Idioms

一(いち)言(げん)以(も)って之(これ)を蔽(おお)う (ichigen motte kore o ōu): “to cover this with one word/phrase” → to sum up complicated details in a few short words

Derived terms

一(いち)言(げん)一(いっ)行(こう) (ichigen ikkō): one action and one word
一(いち)言(げん)居(こ)士(じ) (ichigen koji): a person who must speak their mind about everything

Verb

一(いち)言(げん)する • (ichigen suru) suru (stem 一(いち)言(げん)し (ichigen shi), past 一(いち)言(げん)した (ichigen shita))

to say a few words

Conjugation

Conjugation of "一言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	一言し	いちげんし	ichigen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	一言し	いちげんし	ichigen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	一言する	いちげんする	ichigen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	一言する	いちげんする	ichigen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	一言すれ	いちげんすれ	ichigen sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	一言せよ¹ 一言しろ²	いちげんせよ¹ いちげんしろ²	ichigen seyo¹ ichigen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	一言される	いちげんされる	ichigen sareru
Causative	一言させる一言さす	いちげんさせるいちげんさす	ichigen saseru ichigen sasu
Potential	一言できる	いちげんできる	ichigen dekiru
Volitional	一言しよう	いちげんしよう	ichigen shiyō
Negative	一言しない	いちげんしない	ichigen shinai
Negative continuative	一言せず	いちげんせず	ichigen sezu
Formal	一言します	いちげんします	ichigen shimasu
Perfective	一言した	いちげんした	ichigen shita
Conjunctive	一言して	いちげんして	ichigen shite
Hypothetical conditional	一言すれば	いちげんすれば	ichigen sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
一	言
ひと Grade: 1	こと Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compound of 一(ひと) (hito, “one”) + 言(こと) (koto, “word, speech”).^[3]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひとこと [hìtóꜜkòtò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [çi̥to̞ko̞to̞]

Noun

一(ひと)言(こと) • (hitokoto)

a (single) word, a few words

Idioms

一(ひと)言(こと)多(おお)い (hitokoto ōi): “a word [too] many” → to say too much, to say something better left unsaid

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-1] 1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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