ほくそえむ
Japanese
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| ほくそ笑む 北叟笑む |
Etymology
Possibly from 北叟 (hokuso, alteration from 北叟 (hokusou)) + 笑む (emu, “to smile”). Alternatively, 北叟 may be ateji (当て字).
Pronunciation
Verb
ほくそえむ • (hokusoemu) ←ほくそゑむ (fokusowemu)?intransitive godan (stem ほくそえみ (hokusoemi), past ほくそえんだ (hokusoenda))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ほくそえま | hokusoema | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ほくそえみ | hokusoemi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ほくそえむ | hokusoemu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ほくそえむ | hokusoemu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ほくそえめ | hokusoeme | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ほくそえめ | hokusoeme | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ほくそえまれる | hokusoemareru | |
| Causative | ほくそえませる ほくそえます |
hokusoemaseru hokusoemasu | |
| Potential | ほくそえめる | hokusoemeru | |
| Volitional | ほくそえもう | hokusoemō | |
| Negative | ほくそえまない | hokusoemanai | |
| Negative continuative | ほくそえまず | hokusoemazu | |
| Formal | ほくそえみます | hokusoemimasu | |
| Perfective | ほくそえんだ | hokusoenda | |
| Conjunctive | ほくそえんで | hokusoende | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ほくそえめば | hokusoemeba | |
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN