ふためく

Japanese

Etymology

ふた (futa, an onomatopoeia also found in the adverb ふたふた (futafuta)) + めく (-meku, “to show signs of, to have the appearance of, to look like, to seem like”, a verb-forming suffix)^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ta̠me̞kɯ̟]

Verb

ふためく • (futameku) intransitive godan (stem ふためき (futameki), past ふためいた (futameita))

to make a commotion, to make a racket

Conjugation

Conjugation of "ふためく" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	ふためか	futameka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	ふためき	futameki
Shūshikei ("terminal")	ふためく	futameku
Rentaikei ("attributive")	ふためく	futameku
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	ふためけ	futameke
Meireikei ("imperative")	ふためけ	futameke
Key constructions
Passive	ふためかれる	futamekareru
Causative	ふためかせるふためかす	futamekaseru futamekasu
Potential	ふためける	futamekeru
Volitional	ふためこう	futamekō
Negative	ふためかない	futamekanai
Negative continuative	ふためかず	futamekazu
Formal	ふためきます	futamekimasu
Perfective	ふためいた	futameita
Conjunctive	ふためいて	futameite
Hypothetical conditional	ふためけば	futamekeba

Classical conjugation of "ふためく" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	ふためか	futameka
Continuative (連用形)	ふためき	futameki
Terminal (終止形)	ふためく	futameku
Attributive (連体形)	ふためく	futameku
Realis (已然形)	ふためけ	futameke
Imperative (命令形)	ふためけ	futameke
Key constructions
Negative	ふためかず	futamekazu
Contrasting conjunction	ふためけど	futamekedo
Causal conjunction	ふためけば	futamekeba
Conditional conjunction	ふためかば	futamekaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	ふためきき	futamekiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	ふためきけり	futamekikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	ふためきつ	futamekitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	ふためきぬ	futamekinu
Perfect-continuative tense	ふためけりふためきたり	futamekeri futamekitari
Volitional	ふためかむ	futamekamu

Derived terms

慌(あわ)てふためく (awatefutameku)

References

^ “ふためく”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[1] “ふためく”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[1]