さよなら

Japanese

Etymology

Shortening of さようなら (sayōnara).^[1]^[2]^[3]

First attested in 1770 as a conjunction and interjection, with the farewell noun sense attested from 1924, and the verb sense from roughly 1937.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さよなら [sàyónáꜜrà] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]^[4]^[5]
(Tokyo) さよなら [sàyónáráꜜ] (Odaka – [4])^[2]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [sa̠jo̞na̠ɾa̠]
Audio: (file)

Interjection

さよなら or サヨナラ • (sayonara)

[1770] alternative form of さようなら (sayōnara, “so long; goodbye; farewell”)
- 1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “愛人製造法 [How to Create a Loved One]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 190:
  
  さよなら、……ぼくの麻(ま)理(り)ちゃん。
  Sayonara,…… boku no Mari-chan.
  Goodbye,… my Mari-chan

Noun

さよなら or サヨナラ • (sayonara)

[1924] alternative form of さようなら (sayōnara, “farewell; goodbye; parting”)^[1]^[2]^[3]
- 1974, “グッド・バイ・マイ・ラブ”, なかにし礼 (lyrics), performed by アン・ルイス:
  
  これが本(ほん)当(とう)のさよならじゃないの
  kore ga hontō no sayonara ja nai no
  this is not a true farewell

Derived terms

サヨナラゲーム (sayonara gēmu)
サヨナラホームラン (sayonara hōmuran)

Verb

さよならする or サヨナラする • (sayonara suru) suru (stem さよならし (sayonara shi), past さよならした (sayonara shita))

[circa 1937] to say goodbye, to bid goodbye
青(せい)春(しゅん)にさよならする
seishun ni sayonara suru
to bid farewell to one's youth

Conjugation

Conjugation of "さよならする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	さよならし	sayonara shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	さよならし	sayonara shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	さよならする	sayonara suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	さよならする	sayonara suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	さよならすれ	sayonara sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	さよならせよ¹ さよならしろ²	sayonara seyo¹ sayonara shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	さよならされる	sayonara sareru
Causative	さよならさせるさよならさす	sayonara saseru sayonara sasu
Potential	さよならできる	sayonara dekiru
Volitional	さよならしよう	sayonara shiyō
Negative	さよならしない	sayonara shinai
Negative continuative	さよならせず	sayonara sezu
Formal	さよならします	sayonara shimasu
Perfective	さよならした	sayonara shita
Conjunctive	さよならして	sayonara shite
Hypothetical conditional	さよならすれば	sayonara sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Descendants

→ English: sayonara
- → Greek: σαγιονάρα (sagionára)
- → Spanish: sayonara
→ Indonesian: sayonara
→ Polish: sayonara, sajonara

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] 5.0 ^5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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