くたばる

Japanese

Etymology

Cognate with くたくた (kutakuta). The くた (kuta) in くたばる is cognate with that in 降(くた)つ (kutatsu),^[1] as well as with 腐(くた)す (kutasu)^[1]^[2] and its intransitive counterpart くちる (kuchiru).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くたばる [kùtábáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̊ta̠ba̠ɾɯ̟]

Verb

くたばる • (kutabaru) intransitive godan (stem くたばり (kutabari), past くたばった (kutabatta))

to wear oneself out, to become exhausted
Synonym: 疲れる (tsukareru)
(vulgar, usually imperative) to die, to drop dead
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:死ぬ

くたばれ!
kutabare!
Go to hell!

Conjugation

Conjugation of "くたばる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	くたばら	kutabara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	くたばり	kutabari
Shūshikei ("terminal")	くたばる	kutabaru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	くたばる	kutabaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	くたばれ	kutabare
Meireikei ("imperative")	くたばれ	kutabare
Key constructions
Passive	くたばられる	kutabarareru
Causative	くたばらせるくたばらす	kutabaraseru kutabarasu
Potential	くたばれる	kutabareru
Volitional	くたばろう	kutabarō
Negative	くたばらない	kutabaranai
Negative continuative	くたばらず	kutabarazu
Formal	くたばります	kutabarimasu
Perfective	くたばった	kutabatta
Conjunctive	くたばって	kutabatte
Hypothetical conditional	くたばれば	kutabareba

Classical conjugation of "くたばる" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	くたばら	kutabara
Continuative (連用形)	くたばり	kutabari
Terminal (終止形)	くたばる	kutabaru
Attributive (連体形)	くたばる	kutabaru
Realis (已然形)	くたばれ	kutabare
Imperative (命令形)	くたばれ	kutabare
Key constructions
Negative	くたばらず	kutabarazu
Contrasting conjunction	くたばれど	kutabaredo
Causal conjunction	くたばれば	kutabareba
Conditional conjunction	くたばらば	kutabaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	くたばりき	kutabariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	くたばりけり	kutabarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	くたばりつ	kutabaritu
Perfect tense (natural event)	くたばりぬ	kutabarinu
Perfect-continuative tense	くたばれりくたばりたり	kutabareri kutabaritari
Volitional	くたばらむ	kutabaramu

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “くたばる”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKD-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “くたばる”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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