あやめる
Japanese
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 危める 殺める 害める |
Etymology
/ajamu/ → /ajamuru/ → /ajameru/
First attested in the late Muromachi period.[1]
Possibly related to 危うい (ayaui, “dangerous, perilous”).
Pronunciation
Verb
あやめる • (ayameru) ichidan (stem あやめ (ayame), past あやめた (ayameta))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | あやめ | ayame | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | あやめ | ayame | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | あやめる | ayameru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | あやめる | ayameru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | あやめれ | ayamere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | あやめよ¹ あやめろ² |
ayameyo¹ ayamero² | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | あやめられる | ayamerareru | |
| Causative | あやめさせる あやめさす |
ayamesaseru ayamesasu | |
| Potential | あやめられる あやめれる³ |
ayamerareru ayamereru³ | |
| Volitional | あやめよう | ayameyō | |
| Negative | あやめない あやめぬ あやめん |
ayamenai ayamenu ayamen | |
| Negative continuative | あやめず | ayamezu | |
| Formal | あやめます | ayamemasu | |
| Perfective | あやめた | ayameta | |
| Conjunctive | あやめて | ayamete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | あやめれば | ayamereba | |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | あやめ | ayame | |
| Continuative (連用形) | あやめ | ayame | |
| Terminal (終止形) | あやむ | ayamu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | あやむる | ayamuru | |
| Realis (已然形) | あやむれ | ayamure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | あやめよ | ayameyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | あやめず | ayamezu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | あやむれど | ayamuredo | |
| Causal conjunction | あやむれば | ayamureba | |
| Conditional conjunction | あやめば | ayameba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | あやめき | ayameki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | あやめけり | ayamekeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | あやめつ | ayametu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | あやめぬ | ayamenu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | あやめたり | ayametari | |
| Volitional | あやめむ | ayamemu | |
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN