ⲉⲣ

Coptic

Verb

ⲉⲣ • (er)

(Bohairic) to be, to do, to become, to evade

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲉⲣ (Bohairic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲉⲣ er	imperative	affirmative	ⲉⲣ er
infinitive	negative	ϣⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣ štemer	imperative	negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲣ m̀perer

		singular					plural			nominal
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
durative sentence
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	basic	ϯⲉⲣ tier	ⲕⲉⲣ ker	ⲧⲉⲉⲣ teer	ϥⲉⲣ fer	ⲥⲉⲣ ser	ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ tener	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ tetener	ⲥⲉⲉⲣ seer	ⲉⲣ er
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲉⲣ eier	ⲉⲕⲉⲣ eker	ⲉⲣⲉⲉⲣ ereer	ⲉϥⲉⲣ efer	ⲉⲥⲉⲣ eser	ⲉⲛⲉⲣ ener	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ eretener	ⲉⲩⲉⲣ euer	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ ere- er
	relative	ⲉϯⲉⲣ etier	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ eteker	ⲉⲧⲉⲉⲣ eteer	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ etefer	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ eteser	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etener	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etetener	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ etouer	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲉⲣ ete- er
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲉⲣ naier	ⲛⲁⲕⲉⲣ naker	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ nareer	ⲛⲁϥⲉⲣ nafer	ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲣ naser	ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲣ naner	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ naretener	ⲛⲁⲩⲉⲣ nauer	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ nare- er
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲉⲣ aier	ⲁⲕⲉⲣ aker	ⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ areer	ⲁϥⲉⲣ afer	ⲁⲥⲉⲣ aser	ⲁⲛⲉⲣ aner	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ aretener	ⲁⲩⲉⲣ auer	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ are- er
future	basic	ϯⲛⲁⲉⲣ tinaer	ⲭⲛⲁⲉⲣ khnaer	ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲉⲣ teraer	ϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ fnaer	ⲥⲛⲁⲉⲣ snaer	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ tennaer	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ tetennaer	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲉⲣ senaer	ⲛⲁⲉⲣ naer
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲉⲣ einaer	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲉⲣ ekhnaer	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲉⲣ erenaer	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ efnaer	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲉⲣ esnaer	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ ennaer	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ eretennaer	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲉⲣ eunaer	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲉⲣ ere- naer
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁⲉⲣ etinaer	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲉⲣ etekhnaer	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲉⲣ etenaer	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ etefnaer	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲉⲣ etesnaer	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ etennaer	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ etetennaer	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲉⲣ etounaer	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲉⲣ ete- naer
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲉⲣ nainaer	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲉⲣ nakhnaer	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲉⲣ narenaer	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ nafnaer	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲉⲣ nasnaer	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ nannaer	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ naretennaer	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲉⲣ naunaer	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲉⲣ nare- naer
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲉⲣ ainaer	ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲉⲣ akhnaer	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲉⲣ arenaer	ⲁϥⲛⲁⲉⲣ afnaer	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲉⲣ asnaer	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ annaer	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲣ aretennaer	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲉⲣ aunaer	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲉⲣ are- naer
negated with		(ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an
non-durative sentence
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	basic affirmative	ⲁⲓⲉⲣ aier	ⲁⲕⲉⲣ aker	ⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ areer	ⲁϥⲉⲣ afer	ⲁⲥⲉⲣ aser	ⲁⲛⲉⲣ aner	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ atetener	ⲁⲩⲉⲣ auer	ⲁ- ⲉⲣ a- er
	basic negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲉⲣ m̀pier	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲣ m̀peker	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲉⲣ m̀peer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲣ m̀pefer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲉⲣ m̀peser	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲣ m̀pener	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ m̀petener	ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲉⲣ m̀pouer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲉⲣ m̀pe- er
	circumstantial affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓⲉⲣ eaier	ⲉⲁⲕⲉⲣ eaker	ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ eareer	ⲉⲁϥⲉⲣ eafer	ⲉⲁⲥⲉⲣ easer	ⲉⲁⲛⲉⲣ eaner	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ eatetener	ⲉⲁⲩⲉⲣ eauer	ⲉⲁ- ⲉⲣ ea- er
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲉⲣ em̀pier	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲣ em̀peker	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲉⲣ em̀peer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲣ em̀pefer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲉⲣ em̀peser	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲣ em̀pener	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ em̀petener	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲉⲣ em̀pouer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲉⲣ em̀pe- er
	relative affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲉⲣ etaier	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲉⲣ etaker	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ etareer	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣ etafer	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲉⲣ etaser	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲉⲣ etaner	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etaretener	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣ etauer	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲉⲣ eta- er
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲉⲣ etm̀pier	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲣ etm̀peker	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲉⲣ etm̀peer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲣ etm̀pefer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲉⲣ etm̀peser	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲣ etm̀pener	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etm̀petener	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲉⲣ etm̀pouer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲉⲣ etm̀pe- er
	preterite affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲉⲣ neaier	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲉⲣ neaker	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ neareer	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲉⲣ neafer	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲉⲣ neaser	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲉⲣ neaner	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ neatetener	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲉⲣ neauer	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲉⲣ nea- er
	preterite negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲉⲣ nem̀pier	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲉⲣ nem̀peker	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲉⲣ nem̀peer	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲣ nem̀pefer	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲉⲣ nem̀peser	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲣ nem̀pener	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ nem̀petener	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲉⲣ nem̀pouer	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲉⲣ nem̀pe- er
	focalising, precursive affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲉⲣ etaier	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲉⲣ etaker	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ etareer	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣ etafer	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲉⲣ etaser	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲉⲣ etaner	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etaretener	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣ etauer	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲉⲣ eta- er
expectative	basic negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲉⲣ m̀patier	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ m̀pateker	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲉⲣ m̀pateer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ m̀patefer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ m̀pateser	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ m̀patener	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ m̀patetener	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ m̀patouer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲉⲣ m̀pate- er
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲉⲣ em̀patier	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ em̀pateker	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲉⲣ em̀pateer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ em̀patefer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ em̀pateser	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ em̀patener	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ em̀patetener	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ em̀patouer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲉⲣ em̀pate- er
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲉⲣ etm̀patier	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ etm̀pateker	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲉⲣ etm̀pateer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ etm̀patefer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ etm̀pateser	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etm̀patener	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etm̀patetener	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ etm̀patouer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲉⲣ etm̀pate- er
	preterite negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲉⲣ nam̀patier	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ nam̀pateker	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲉⲣ nam̀pateer	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ nam̀patefer	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ nam̀pateser	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ nam̀patener	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ nam̀patetener	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ nam̀patouer	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲉⲣ nam̀pate- er
aorist	basic affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲉⲣ šaier	ϣⲁⲕⲉⲣ šaker	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ šareer	ϣⲁϥⲉⲣ šafer	ϣⲁⲥⲉⲣ šaser	ϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ šaner	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ šatetener	ϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ šauer	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ šare- er
	basic negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲣ m̀paier	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲉⲣ m̀paker	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ m̀pareer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲉⲣ m̀pafer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲉⲣ m̀paser	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲣ m̀paner	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ m̀paretener	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲉⲣ m̀pauer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ m̀pare- er
	circumstantial affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓⲉⲣ ešaier	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲉⲣ ešaker	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ ešareer	ⲉϣⲁϥⲉⲣ ešafer	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲉⲣ ešaser	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ ešaner	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ ešatetener	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ ešauer	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ ešare- er
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲣ em̀paier	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲉⲣ em̀paker	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ em̀pareer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲉⲣ em̀pafer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲉⲣ em̀paser	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲣ em̀paner	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ em̀paretener	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲉⲣ em̀pauer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ em̀pare- er
	relative affirmative	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲉⲣ etšaier	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲉⲣ etšaker	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ etšareer	ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲉⲣ etšafer	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲉⲣ etšaser	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ etšaner	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etšatetener	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ etšauer	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ etšare- er
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲣ etm̀paier	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲉⲣ etm̀paker	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ etm̀pareer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲉⲣ etm̀pafer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲉⲣ etm̀paser	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲣ etm̀paner	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ etm̀paretener	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲉⲣ etm̀pauer	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ etm̀pare- er
	preterite affirmative	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲉⲣ našaier	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲉⲣ našaker	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ našareer	ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲉⲣ našafer	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲉⲣ našaser	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ našaner	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ našatetener	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ našauer	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ našare- er
	preterite negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲣ nam̀paier	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲉⲣ nam̀paker	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ nam̀pareer	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲉⲣ nam̀pafer	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲉⲣ nam̀paser	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲣ nam̀paner	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ nam̀paretener	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲉⲣ nam̀pauer	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ nam̀pare- er
	focalising affirmative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲉⲣ em̀paier	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲉⲣ em̀paker	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ em̀pareer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲉⲣ em̀pafer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲉⲣ em̀paser	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲣ em̀paner	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ em̀paretener	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲉⲣ em̀pauer	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ em̀pare- er
optative	basic affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲉⲣ eieer	ⲉⲕⲉⲉⲣ ekeer	ⲉⲣⲉⲉⲣ ereer	ⲉϥⲉⲉⲣ efeer	ⲉⲥⲉⲉⲣ eseer	ⲉⲛⲉⲉⲣ eneer	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲉⲣ ereteneer	ⲉⲩⲉⲉⲣ eueer	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ ere- er
optative	basic affirmative	ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲉⲣ ǹnaer	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲉⲣ ǹneker	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲉⲣ ǹneer	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲉⲣ ǹnefer	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲉⲣ ǹneser	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣ ǹnener	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ ǹnetener	ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣ ǹnouer	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲉⲣ ǹne- er
jussive	basic affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲉⲣ marier	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ marefer	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲉⲣ mareser	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲣ marener	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣ marouer	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ mare- er
jussive	basic affirmative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲉⲣ m̀penthrier	(use imperative)		ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ m̀penthrefer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲉⲣ m̀penthreser	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲉⲣ m̀penthrener	(use imperative)	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲉⲣ m̀penthreuer	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ m̀penthre- er
subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive		ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲉⲣ ǹtaer	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ ǹteker	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲉⲣ ǹteer	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ ǹtefer	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ ǹteser	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ ǹtener	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ ǹtetener	ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲉⲣ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ ǹseer, ǹtouer	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲉⲣ ǹte- er
future conjunctive		ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲉⲣ tarier	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲉⲣ tareker	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ tareer	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲉⲣ tarefer	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲉⲣ tareser	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉⲣ tarener	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ taretener	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣ tarouer	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ tare- er
limitative		ϣⲁϯⲉⲣ šatier	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣ šateker	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲉⲣ šateer	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲉⲣ šatefer	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣ šateser	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ šatener	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ šatetener	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉⲣ šatouer	ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲉⲣ šate- er
conditional	long	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ aišaner	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ akšaner	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ arešaner	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ afšaner	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ asšaner	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ anšaner	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ aretenšaner	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲉⲣ aušaner	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲉⲣ arešan- er
conditional	short	ⲁⲓⲉⲣ aier	ⲁⲕⲉⲣ aker	ⲁⲣⲉⲉⲣ areer	ⲁϥⲉⲣ afer	ⲁⲥⲉⲣ aser	ⲁⲛⲉⲣ aner	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣ aretener	ⲁⲩⲉⲣ auer	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲉⲣ are- er
negated with		ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem-

Derived terms

ⲉⲣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ (er ebol)

Old Nubian

Pronoun

ⲉⲣ (er)

we including you (first person plural inclusive pronoun)

Declension

Declension of ⲉⲣ
	singular
nominative	ⲉⲣ (er)
accusative	ⲉⲕ(ⲕⲁ) (ek(ka))
genitive	ⲉⲛ(ⲛⲁ) (en(na))
dative	ⲉⲣⲗⲁ (erla)
locative	ⲉⲣⲗⲟ (erlo)
allative	ⲉⲣⲅⲗ̄(ⲗⲉ) (ergl̄(le))
superessive	ⲉⲣⲇⲟ (erdo)
subessive	ⲉⲣⲇⲟⲛ (erdon)
commitative	ⲉⲣⲇⲁⲗ (erdal)

Related terms

Old Nubian personal pronouns
Independent personal pronouns
	singular	plural
	singular	inclusive	exclusive
1^st person	ⲁⲓ̈ (aï)	ⲉⲣ (er)	ⲟⲩ (ou)
2^nd person	ⲉⲓⲣ (eir)	ⲟⲩⲣ (our)
3^rd person	ⲧⲁⲣ (tar)	ⲧⲉⲣ (ter)
Clitic personal pronouns
	singular	plural
	singular	inclusive	exclusive
1^st person	-ⲓ (-i)	-ⲟⲩ (-ou)	-ⲟⲩ (-ou)
2^nd person	-ⲛ (-n)	-ⲟⲩ (-ou)
3^rd person	-ⲛ (-n)	-ⲁⲛ (-an)