ῥώομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sr̥h₃-yé-ti (from *serh₃-) and cognate with Hittite [script needed] (šarḫii̯e/a-zi, “to attack(?); to press upon(?)”).[1][2] However, van Beek still considers this etymology to be uncertain.[3] Perhaps related to ῥώννυμι (rhṓnnumi, “to strengthen”) and ῥώμη (rhṓmē, “might”).[4]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ῥώομαι • (rhṓomai) (deponent)

  1. to dart, rush; move quickly, nimbly
  2. to move violently, with speed or violence
  3. to dance

Conjugation

   Present: ῥώομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative ῥώομαι ῥώῃ,
ῥώει 		ῥώεται ῥώεσθον ῥώεσθον ῥωόμεθᾰ ῥώεσθε ῥώονται
subjunctive ῥώωμαι ῥώῃ ῥώηται ῥώησθον ῥώησθον ῥωώμεθᾰ ῥώησθε ῥώωνται
optative ῥωοίμην ῥώοιο ῥώοιτο ῥώοισθον ῥωοίσθην ῥωοίμεθᾰ ῥώοισθε ῥώοιντο
imperative   ῥώου ῥωέσθω ῥώεσθον ῥωέσθων   ῥώεσθε ῥωέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive ῥώεσθαι
participle m ῥωόμενος
f ῥωομένη
n ῥωόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐρρωόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative ἐρρωόμην ἐρρώου ἐρρώετο ἐρρώεσθον ἐρρωέσθην ἐρρωόμεθᾰ ἐρρώεσθε ἐρρώοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ῥωόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative ῥωόμην ῥώεο,
ῥώευ 		ῥώετο ῥώεσθον ῥωέσθην ῥωόμε(σ)θᾰ ῥώεσθε ῥώοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ῥώσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ῥώσομαι ῥώσῃ,
ῥώσει 		ῥώσεται ῥώσεσθον ῥώσεσθον ῥωσόμεθᾰ ῥώσεσθε ῥώσονται
optative ῥωσοίμην ῥώσοιο ῥώσοιτο ῥώσοισθον ῥωσοίσθην ῥωσοίμεθᾰ ῥώσοισθε ῥώσοιντο
middle
infinitive ῥώσεσθαι
participle m ῥωσόμενος
f ῥωσομένη
n ῥωσόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρρωσᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐρρωσᾰ́μην ἐρρώσω ἐρρώσᾰτο ἐρρώσᾰσθον ἐρρωσᾰ́σθην ἐρρωσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐρρώσᾰσθε ἐρρώσᾰντο
subjunctive ῥώσωμαι ῥώσῃ ῥώσηται ῥώσησθον ῥώσησθον ῥωσώμεθᾰ ῥώσησθε ῥώσωνται
optative ῥωσαίμην ῥώσαιο ῥώσαιτο ῥώσαισθον ῥωσαίσθην ῥωσαίμεθᾰ ῥώσαισθε ῥώσαιντο
imperative   ῥῶσαι ῥωσᾰ́σθω ῥώσᾰσθον ῥωσᾰ́σθων   ῥώσᾰσθε ῥωσᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive ῥώσᾰσθαι
participle m ῥωσᾰ́μενος
f ῥωσᾰμένη
n ῥωσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ἀναρρώομαι (anarrhṓomai)
  • ἐπιρρώομαι (epirrhṓomai)
  • συρρώομαι (surrhṓomai)

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*serh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 535
  2. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “šarḫii̯e/a-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 732-733
  3. ^ van Beek, Lucien (10 March 2025), Language Change in Epic Greek and Other Poetic Traditions‎[1], BRILL, →DOI, →ISBN, page 24
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ῥώομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1297

Further reading

  • “ῥώομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ῥώομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ῥώομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ῥώομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • ῥώομαι, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
  • Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “ῥώομαι”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 981
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