ὅσιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Often explained as a derivative in -ιο- from a participal form *s-o-to-s, beside alleged *seto-s in ἐτάζω (etázō, “to examine, test”), although this account presents difficulties. A connection with Sanskrit सत्य (satyá, “true”) requires loss of the initial laryngeal.

The derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *soto-s (from a different root *set- (“stable, true”), seen in ἐτάζω (etázō) and ἐτεός (eteós)) is defended by Pinault, and appears to be tentatively favored by Beekes over the above.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hó.si.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)o.si.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.si.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.si.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.si.os/

Adjective

ὅσῐος • (hósĭos) m (feminine ὁσῐ́ᾱ, neuter ὅσῐον); first/second declension

pious, hallowed, sanctioned by the gods
Coordinate term: δίκαιος (díkaios)
of things which are allowed by divine law but not sacred: profane
Coordinate term: ἱερός (hierós)
(of persons) pious, devout, sinless
Synonyms: εὐσεβής (eusebḗs), θρῆσκος (thrêskos)
sinless, pure

Declension

First and second declension of ὅσῐος; ὁσῐ́ᾱ; ὅσῐον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὅσῐος hósĭos	ὁσῐ́ᾱ hosĭ́ā	ὅσῐον hósĭon	ὁσῐ́ω hosĭ́ō	ὁσῐ́ᾱ hosĭ́ā	ὁσῐ́ω hosĭ́ō	ὅσῐοι hósĭoi	ὅσῐαι hósĭai	ὅσῐᾰ hósĭă
Genitive	ὁσῐ́ου hosĭ́ou	ὁσῐ́ᾱς hosĭ́ās	ὁσῐ́ου hosĭ́ou	ὁσῐ́οιν hosĭ́oin	ὁσῐ́αιν hosĭ́ain	ὁσῐ́οιν hosĭ́oin	ὁσῐ́ων hosĭ́ōn	ὁσῐ́ων hosĭ́ōn	ὁσῐ́ων hosĭ́ōn
Dative	ὁσῐ́ῳ hosĭ́ōi	ὁσῐ́ᾳ hosĭ́āi	ὁσῐ́ῳ hosĭ́ōi	ὁσῐ́οιν hosĭ́oin	ὁσῐ́αιν hosĭ́ain	ὁσῐ́οιν hosĭ́oin	ὁσῐ́οις hosĭ́ois	ὁσῐ́αις hosĭ́ais	ὁσῐ́οις hosĭ́ois
Accusative	ὅσῐον hósĭon	ὁσῐ́ᾱν hosĭ́ān	ὅσῐον hósĭon	ὁσῐ́ω hosĭ́ō	ὁσῐ́ᾱ hosĭ́ā	ὁσῐ́ω hosĭ́ō	ὁσῐ́ους hosĭ́ous	ὁσῐ́ᾱς hosĭ́ās	ὅσῐᾰ hósĭă
Vocative	ὅσῐε hósĭe	ὁσῐ́ᾱ hosĭ́ā	ὅσῐον hósĭon	ὁσῐ́ω hosĭ́ō	ὁσῐ́ᾱ hosĭ́ā	ὁσῐ́ω hosĭ́ō	ὅσῐοι hósĭoi	ὅσῐαι hósĭai	ὅσῐᾰ hósĭă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὁσῐ́ως hosĭ́ōs			ὁσῐώτερος hosĭṓteros			ὁσῐώτᾰτος hosĭṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Noun

ὅσῐος • (hósĭos) m (genitive ὁσῐ́ου); second declension

(religion) title of five special priests at Delphi
(biblical, in the plural) the saints
- LXX Psalm 29.4

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ὅσῐος; τοῦ ὁσῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ὅσῐος ho hósĭos	τὼ ὁσῐ́ω tṑ hosĭ́ō	οἱ ὅσῐοι hoi hósĭoi
Genitive	τοῦ ὁσῐ́ου toû hosĭ́ou	τοῖν ὁσῐ́οιν toîn hosĭ́oin	τῶν ὁσῐ́ων tôn hosĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ ὁσῐ́ῳ tōî hosĭ́ōi	τοῖν ὁσῐ́οιν toîn hosĭ́oin	τοῖς ὁσῐ́οις toîs hosĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸν ὅσῐον tòn hósĭon	τὼ ὁσῐ́ω tṑ hosĭ́ō	τοὺς ὁσῐ́ους toùs hosĭ́ous
Vocative	ὅσῐε hósĭe	ὁσῐ́ω hosĭ́ō	ὅσῐοι hósĭoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀνόσιος (anósios)
ἀφόσιος (aphósios)
ὁσία (hosía)
ὁσιεύω (hosieúō)
ὁσιότης (hosiótēs)
ὁσιόω (hosióō)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὅσιος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1117

“ὅσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὅσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὅσιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
G3741 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- clean idem, page 136.
- clear idem, page 136.
- conscientious idem, page 161.
- devout idem, page 221.
- dutiful idem, page 257.
- god-fearing idem, page 365.
- godly idem, page 365.
- good idem, page 366.
- holy idem, page 403.
- just idem, page 466.
- lawful idem, page 480.
- moral idem, page 540.
- permissible idem, page 607.
- pious idem, page 614.
- profane idem, page 653.
- pure idem, page 658.
- religious idem, page 691.
- reverent idem, page 710.
- righteous idem, page 715.
- sacred idem, page 728.
- secular idem, page 747.
- sinless idem, page 779.
ὅσιος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὅσιος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1117

[1]

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading