ὀρούω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *orówō, of uncertain origin. According to Beekes, a back-formation from ὀροῦσαι (oroûsai), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-, whence also Ancient Greek ὄρνυμαι (órnumai).^[1] De Vaan, however, considers the term to be a derivative of *h₃rew-, whence also Latin ruō (“to rush”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /o.rǔː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /oˈru.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈru.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈru.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈru.o/

Verb

ὀρούω • (oroúō)

to rush, spring, hurry

Conjugation

Present: ὀρούω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὀρούω	ὀρούεις	ὀρούει	ὀρούετον	ὀρούετον	ὀρούομεν	ὀρούετε	ὀρούουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὀρούω	ὀρούῃς	ὀρούῃ	ὀρούητον	ὀρούητον	ὀρούωμεν	ὀρούητε	ὀρούωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀρούοιμῐ	ὀρούοις	ὀρούοι	ὀρούοιτον	ὀρουοίτην	ὀρούοιμεν	ὀρούοιτε	ὀρούοιεν
	imperative		ὄρουε	ὀρουέτω	ὀρούετον	ὀρουέτων		ὀρούετε	ὀρουόντων
		active
infinitive		ὀρούειν
participle	m	ὀρούων
	f	ὀρούουσᾰ
	n	ὀροῦον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ὤρουον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὤρουον	ὤρουες	ὤρουε(ν)	ὠρούετον	ὠρουέτην	ὠρούομεν	ὠρούετε	ὤρουον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ὀρούσω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὀρούσω	ὀρούσεις	ὀρούσει	ὀρούσετον	ὀρούσετον	ὀρούσομεν	ὀρούσετε	ὀρούσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ὀρούσοιμῐ	ὀρούσοις	ὀρούσοι	ὀρούσοιτον	ὀρουσοίτην	ὀρούσοιμεν	ὀρούσοιτε	ὀρούσοιεν
		active
infinitive		ὀρούσειν
participle	m	ὀρούσων
	f	ὀρούσουσᾰ
	n	ὀροῦσον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ὤρουσᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὤρουσᾰ	ὤρουσᾰς	ὤρουσε(ν)	ὠρούσᾰτον	ὠρουσᾰ́την	ὠρούσᾰμεν	ὠρούσᾰτε	ὤρουσᾰν
	subjunctive	ὀρούσω	ὀρούσῃς	ὀρούσῃ	ὀρούσητον	ὀρούσητον	ὀρούσωμεν	ὀρούσητε	ὀρούσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀρούσαιμῐ	ὀρούσειᾰς, ὀρούσαις	ὀρούσειε(ν), ὀρούσαι	ὀρούσαιτον	ὀρουσαίτην	ὀρούσαιμεν	ὀρούσαιτε	ὀρούσειᾰν, ὀρούσαιεν
	imperative		ὄρουσον	ὀρουσᾰ́τω	ὀρούσᾰτον	ὀρουσᾰ́των		ὀρούσᾰτε	ὀρουσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ὀροῦσαι
participle	m	ὀρούσᾱς
	f	ὀρούσᾱσᾰ
	n	ὀροῦσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ὄρουσᾰ (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὄρουσᾰ	ὄρουσᾰς	ὄρουσε(ν)	ὀρούσᾰτον	ὀρουσᾰ́την	ὀρούσᾰμεν	ὀρούσᾰτε	ὄρουσᾰν
	subjunctive	ὀρούσω, ὀρούσωμῐ	ὀρούσῃς, ὀρούσῃσθᾰ	ὀρούσῃ, ὀρούσῃσῐ(ν)	ὀρούσητον, ὀρούσετον	ὀρούσητον, ὀρούσετον	ὀρούσωμεν, ὀρούσομεν	ὀρούσητε, ὀρούσετε	ὀρούσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀρούσαιμῐ	ὀρούσαις, ὀρούσαισθᾰ, ὀρούσειᾰς	ὀρούσειε(ν), ὀρούσαι	ὀρουσεῖτον	ὀρουσείτην	ὀρουσεῖμεν	ὀρουσεῖτε	ὀρουσεῖεν
	imperative		ὄρουσον	ὀρουσᾰ́τω	ὀρούσᾰτον	ὀρουσᾰ́των		ὀρούσᾰτε	ὀρουσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ὀροῦσαι, ὀρουσᾰ́μεν, ὀρουσᾰμέναι
participle	m	ὀρούσᾱς
	f	ὀρούσᾱσᾰ
	n	ὀροῦσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀνορούω (anoroúō)
ἀπορούω (aporoúō)
ἐπορούω (eporoúō)

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄρνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1107
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ruō, -ere 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 530

“ὀρούω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὀρούω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ὀρούω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὀρούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὀρούω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- dart idem, page 195.
- dash idem, page 196.
- hasten idem, page 387.
- hurry idem, page 411.
- plunge idem, page 622.
- rush idem, page 727.
- speed idem, page 800.
Frisk, Hjalmar (1970), “ὄρνυμαι”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 422-423
Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “ὄρνυμαι”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, pages 823-823

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄρνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1107

[EDL-2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ruō, -ere 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 530

[1]

[2]