Ἰουδαῖος

See also: Ιουδαίος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Ἰουδά (Ioudá) +‎ -ιος (-ios), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yəhūḏā(h), “Judah”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /i.uː.dâi̯.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /i.uˈdɛ.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /i.uˈðɛ.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /i.uˈðe.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i.uˈðe.os/

Noun

Ῐ̓ουδαῖος • (Ĭoudaîos) m (genitive Ῐ̓ουδαίου); second declension

Jew or Judean
- 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 10.265
- 90 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of John 4:9:
  λέγει οὖν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ Σαμαρεῖτις, Πῶς σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὢν παρ’ ἐμοῦ πιεῖν αἰτεῖς, οὔσης γυναικὸς Σαμαρείτιδος; (οὐ γὰρ συγχρῶνται Ἰουδαῖοι Σαμαρείταις.)
  légei oûn autōî hē gunḕ hē Samareîtis, Pôs sù Ioudaîos ṑn par’ emoû pieîn aiteîs, oúsēs gunaikòs Samareítidos? (ou gàr sunkhrôntai Ioudaîoi Samareítais.)
  Translation by KJV
  Then saith the woman of Samaria unto him, How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a woman of Samaria? for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans.

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ Ἰουδαῖος; τοῦ Ἰουδαίου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Ἰουδαῖος ho Ioudaîos	τὼ Ἰουδαίω tṑ Ioudaíō	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι hoi Ioudaîoi
Genitive	τοῦ Ἰουδαίου toû Ioudaíou	τοῖν Ἰουδαίοιν toîn Ioudaíoin	τῶν Ἰουδαίων tôn Ioudaíōn
Dative	τῷ Ἰουδαίῳ tōî Ioudaíōi	τοῖν Ἰουδαίοιν toîn Ioudaíoin	τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις toîs Ioudaíois
Accusative	τὸν Ἰουδαῖον tòn Ioudaîon	τὼ Ἰουδαίω tṑ Ioudaíō	τοὺς Ἰουδαίους toùs Ioudaíous
Vocative	Ἰουδαῖε Ioudaîe	Ἰουδαίω Ioudaíō	Ἰουδαῖοι Ioudaîoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

Ῐ̓ουδαίᾱ (Ĭoudaíā, “Jewess, Judea”)
Ῐ̓ουδαϊκός (Ĭoudaïkós, “Jewish”)
Ῐ̓ουδαϊκῶς (Ĭoudaïkôs)
ἰουδαΐζω (ioudaḯzō)

Descendants

→ Coptic: ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ (ioudai)
→ Gothic: 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 (iudaius)
Greek: Ιουδαίος (Ioudaíos)
→ Latin: Iūdaeus, iūdaeus (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

“Ἰουδαῖος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“Ἰουδαῖος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
G2453 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- judaea idem, page 465.