ἵλαος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἵλεως (híleōs) — Attic
ἵλεος (híleos) — Cretan
ἵληϝος (hílēwos) — Laconian
ἴλλᾱος (íllāos) — Aeolic
ἵλαος (hílaos) — Arcadocypriot

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *selh₂- (“mercy, comfort”),^[1] with the first vowel borrowed from the reduplicated present stem *si-sl̥h₂-, as in ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai) (see there for more), and then further analogically shortened in ἱλαρός (hilarós) and ἱλάειρα (hiláeira). Variation in the second probably analogical after νᾱός (nāós) : νεώς (neṓs), λᾱός (lāós) : λεώς (leṓs).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǐː.la.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)i.la.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǐː.laː.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)i.la.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/

Note: the normally short α is found scanned as long in some instances.

Adjective

ῑ̔́λαος • (hī́laos) m or f (neuter ῑ̔́λαον); second declension

propitious, gracious, merciful
kind, mild, gentle

Inflection

Second declension of ῑ̔́λαος; ῑ̔́λαον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ῑ̔́λαος hī́laos		ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔λάω hīláō		ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔́λαοι hī́laoi		ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laă
Genitive	ῑ̔λάου hīláou		ῑ̔λάου hīláou	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin		ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάων hīláōn		ῑ̔λάων hīláōn
Dative	ῑ̔λάῳ hīláōi		ῑ̔λάῳ hīláōi	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin		ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάοις hīláois		ῑ̔λάοις hīláois
Accusative	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon		ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔λάω hīláō		ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάους hīláous		ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laă
Vocative	ῑ̔́λαε hī́lae		ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔λάω hīláō		ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔́λαοι hī́laoi		ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ῑ̔λάως hīláōs			ῑ̔λαότερος hīlaóteros			ῑ̔λαότᾰτος hīlaótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἵλαθι (hílathi)
ἱλαρός (hilarós)
ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἱλάσκομαι (> DER > Older formations: 1. ἵλαος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586

“ἵλαος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἵλαος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἵλαος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἵλαος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἵλαος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
ἵλαος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἱλάσκομαι (> DER > Older formations: 1. ἵλαος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586

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