ἑαυτοῦ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ᾱὑτοῦ (āhutoû) — Attic, Koine, contracted
ἑᾱτοῦ (heātoû) — Attic
ἑωυτοῦ (heōutoû) — Ionic
αὐταύτου (autaútou), αὐταυτοῦ (autautoû), αὐσαυτοῦ (ausautoû) — Doric
ϝιαυτοῦ (wiautoû) — Cretan

Etymology

Contraction of ἕο αὐτοῦ (héo autoû), literally “his self”.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5th bc Attic) IPA^(key): /he.aːu̯.tûː/

(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)e.aʍˈtu/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.aɸˈtu/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.afˈtu/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.afˈtu/

Pronoun

ἑᾱυτοῦ • (heāutoû) (feminine ἑᾱυτῆς, neuter ἑᾱυτοῦ); first/second declension

(3rd person) himself, herself, itself, themselves
- c. 620 BCE – 580 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 78
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 152B
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.141
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 157A
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.60
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.10.3
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.13.3
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.86
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.8
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 350A
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.8
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.85
(Attic and Koine) used for first or second person: myself, yourself
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 221
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus Rex 138
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1297
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 101C
- 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Belopoeica 59.16
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.82
- 341 BCE – 270 BCE, Epicurus, Vatican Sayings 47
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, 1 Samuel 14.9
- 55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 7:1
(in the plural) of one another
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.49
- 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.25
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 145
- 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 19
- 351 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 10
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Lysis 215B

Usage notes

The dual is rare, with the contracted form ᾱὑτοῖν (āhutoîn) being attested only once.^[2]

Declension

First and second declension of ἑᾱυτοῦ; ἑᾱυτῆς; ἑᾱυτοῦ (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Genitive	ἑᾱυτοῦ heāutoû	ἑᾱυτῆς heāutês	ἑᾱυτοῦ heāutoû	ἑᾱυτοῖν heāutoîn	ἑᾱυταῖν heāutaîn	ἑᾱυτοῖν heāutoîn	ἑᾱυτῶν heāutôn	ἑᾱυτῶν heāutôn	ἑᾱυτῶν heāutôn
Dative	ἑᾱυτῷ heāutōî	ἑᾱυτῇ heāutēî	ἑᾱυτῷ heāutōî	ἑᾱυτοῖν heāutoîn	ἑᾱυταῖν heāutaîn	ἑᾱυτοῖν heāutoîn	ἑαυτοῖς ἑαυτοῖσῐ ἑαυτοῖσῐν heautoîs heautoîsĭ(n)	ἑᾱυταῖς heāutaîs	ἑαυτοῖς ἑαυτοῖσῐ ἑαυτοῖσῐν heautoîs heautoîsĭ(n)
Accusative	ἑᾱυτόν heāutón	ἑᾱυτήν heāutḗn	ἑᾱυτό ἑᾱυτόν heāutó heāutón	ἑᾱυτώ heāutṓ	ἑᾱυτᾱ́ heāutā́	ἑᾱυτώ heāutṓ	ἑᾱυτούς heāutoús	ἑᾱυτᾱ́ς heāutā́s	ἑᾱυτᾰ́ heāutắ
Vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἑᾱυτῶς heāutôs			ἑᾱυτότερος heāutóteros			ἑᾱυτότᾰτος heāutótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἑᾱυτοῦ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 367
^
442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 145