ἐλαφρός

See also: ελαφρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *eləpʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ln̥gʷʰrós (“lightweight”). See also ἐλᾰχῠ́ς (elăkhŭ́s, “small, short”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.la.pʰrós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.laˈpʰros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.laˈɸros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.laˈfros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.laˈfros/

Adjective

ἐλᾰφρός • (elăphrós) m (feminine ἐλᾰφρᾱ́, neuter ἐλᾰφρόν); first/second declension

light; unheavy
Antonym: βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s)

Declension

First and second declension of ἐλᾰφρός; ἐλᾰφρᾱ́; ἐλᾰφρόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἐλᾰφρός elăphrós	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elăphrā́	ἐλᾰφρόν elăphrón	ἐλᾰφρώ elăphrṓ	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elăphrā́	ἐλᾰφρώ elăphrṓ	ἐλᾰφροί elăphroí	ἐλᾰφραί elăphraí	ἐλᾰφρᾰ́ elăphrắ
Genitive	ἐλᾰφροῦ elăphroû	ἐλᾰφρᾶς elăphrâs	ἐλᾰφροῦ elăphroû	ἐλᾰφροῖν elăphroîn	ἐλᾰφραῖν elăphraîn	ἐλᾰφροῖν elăphroîn	ἐλᾰφρῶν elăphrôn	ἐλᾰφρῶν elăphrôn	ἐλᾰφρῶν elăphrôn
Dative	ἐλᾰφρῷ elăphrōî	ἐλᾰφρᾷ elăphrāî	ἐλᾰφρῷ elăphrōî	ἐλᾰφροῖν elăphroîn	ἐλᾰφραῖν elăphraîn	ἐλᾰφροῖν elăphroîn	ἐλᾰφροῖς elăphroîs	ἐλᾰφραῖς elăphraîs	ἐλᾰφροῖς elăphroîs
Accusative	ἐλᾰφρόν elăphrón	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ν elăphrā́n	ἐλᾰφρόν elăphrón	ἐλᾰφρώ elăphrṓ	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elăphrā́	ἐλᾰφρώ elăphrṓ	ἐλᾰφρούς elăphroús	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ς elăphrā́s	ἐλᾰφρᾰ́ elăphrắ
Vocative	ἐλᾰφρέ elăphré	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elăphrā́	ἐλᾰφρόν elăphrón	ἐλᾰφρώ elăphrṓ	ἐλᾰφρᾱ́ elăphrā́	ἐλᾰφρώ elăphrṓ	ἐλᾰφροί elăphroí	ἐλᾰφραί elăphraí	ἐλᾰφρᾰ́ elăphrắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἐλᾰφρῶς elăphrôs			ἐλᾰφρότερος elăphróteros			ἐλᾰφρότᾰτος elăphrótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἐλᾰφρίᾱ (elăphríā)
ἐλᾰφρῐ́ζω (elăphrĭ́zō)
Ἑλάφρῐος (Heláphrĭos)
ἐλᾰφρότης (elăphrótēs)
ἐλᾰφρῡ́νω (elăphrū́nō)

Descendants

Greek: ελαφρός (elafrós)
Pontic Greek: ελαφρός (elafrós), ’λαφρός (’lafrós) — Kerasounta, Kotyora, Oinoe, Trapezounta, Chaldia, ’λαφρύς (’lafrýs) — Kotyora, αλαφρός (alafrós) — Oinoe, Trapezounta
- → Laz: ლაჶრონი (lafroni), ელაჶრონი (elafroni) — Arkabi, Firtina Valley
→ Translingual: Elaphrus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐλαφρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 403