ἄχνυμαι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset; afraid”). Cognate with Old Irish ad·ágathar (“to fear”) and Gothic 𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ōgjan, “to scare”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /á.kʰny.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈa.kʰny.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈa.xny.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈa.xny.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈa.xni.me/
Verb
ᾰ̓́χνῠμαι • (ắkhnŭmai) (chiefly Epic)
- to be distressed
- to grieve
Conjugation
Present: ᾰ̓́χνῠμαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̓́χνῠμαι | ᾰ̓́χνῠσαι | ᾰ̓́χνῠται | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθον | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθον | ᾰ̓χνῠ́με(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθε | ᾰ̓́χνῠνται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓χνῠ́ωμαι | ᾰ̓χνῠ́ῃ | ᾰ̓χνῠ́ηται | ᾰ̓χνῠ́ησθον | ᾰ̓χνῠ́ησθον | ᾰ̓χνῠώμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓χνῠ́ησθε | ᾰ̓χνῠ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓χνῠοίμην | ᾰ̓χνῠ́οιο | ᾰ̓χνῠ́οιτο | ᾰ̓χνῠ́οισθον | ᾰ̓χνῠοίσθην | ᾰ̓χνῠοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓χνῠ́οισθε | ᾰ̓χνῠοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́χνῠσο | ᾰ̓χνῠ́σθω | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθον | ᾰ̓χνῠ́σθων | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθε | ᾰ̓χνῠ́σθων | |||||||
| middle/ | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓χνῠ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓χνῠμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓χνῠ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ᾰ̓χνῠ́μην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̓χνῠ́μην | ᾰ̓́χνῠσο | ᾰ̓́χνῠτο | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθον | ᾰ̓χνῠ́σθην | ᾰ̓χνῠ́με(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓́χνῠσθε | ᾰ̓́χνῠντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ᾰ̓κᾰχόμην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ᾰ̓κᾰχόμην | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χεο | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χετο | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χεσθον | ᾰ̓κᾰχέσθην | ᾰ̓κᾰχόμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χεσθε | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χωμαι | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χηαι | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χηται | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθον | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθον | ᾰ̓κᾰχώμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθε | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓κᾰχοίμην | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χοιο | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χοιτο | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χοισθον | ᾰ̓κᾰχοίσθην | ᾰ̓κᾰχοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χοισθε | ᾰ̓κᾰχοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χεο | ᾰ̓κᾰχέσθω | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χεσθον | ᾰ̓κᾰχέσθων | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χεσθε | ᾰ̓κᾰχέσθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓κᾰχέσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓κᾰχόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓κᾰχομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓κᾰχόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ᾰ̓κᾰ́χημαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χημαι | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησαι | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χηται | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθον | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθον | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθε | ᾰ̓κηχέδᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενος ὦ | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενος ᾖς | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενος ᾖ | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενω ἦτον | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενω ἦτον | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενοι ὦμεν | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενοι ἦτε | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενος εἴην | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενος εἴης | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενος εἴη | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενω εἴητον, εἶτον |
ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενω εἰήτην, εἴτην |
ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν |
ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενοι εἴητε, εἶτε |
ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησο | ᾰ̓κᾰχήσθω | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθον | ᾰ̓κᾰχήσθων | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθε | ᾰ̓κᾰχήσθων | |||||||
| middle/ | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓κᾰχῆσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ᾰ̓κᾰχήμην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμην | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησο | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χητο | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθον | ᾰ̓κᾰχήσθην | ᾰ̓κᾰχήμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓κᾰ́χησθε | ᾰ̓κᾰχήᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “ἄχνυμαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἄχνυμαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄχνυμαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἄχνυμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press