ἄγχω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“to constrict”).[1] Cognates include Old English enge (whence the first element in English hangnail), Latin angō, Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu), and Old Armenian անձուկ (anjuk, “narrow; tight”).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ᾰ̓́γχω • (ắnkhō) (Attic, Epic, Koine, Doric)

  1. (transitive) to compress; to press tight (especially the throat
  2. (transitive) to strangle; to throttle; to choke
  3. (figurative, transitive) to pressure; to influence; to put pressure on
    • 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 773–777:
      καὶ πῶς ἂν ἐμοῦ μᾶλλόν σε φιλῶν ὦ Δῆμε γένοιτο πολίτης;
      ὃς πρῶτα μὲν ἡνίκ’ ἐβούλευον σοὶ χρήματα πλεῖστ’ ἀπέδειξα
      ἐν τῷ κοινῷ, τοὺς μὲν στρεβλῶν τοὺς δ’ ἄγχων τοὺς δὲ μεταιτῶν,
      οὐ φροντίζων τῶν ἰδιωτῶν οὐδενός, εἰ σοὶ χαριοίμην.
      kaì pôs àn emoû mâllón se philôn ô Dême génoito polítēs?
      hòs prôta mèn hēník’ eboúleuon soì khrḗmata pleîst’ apédeixa
      en tōî koinōî, toùs mèn streblôn toùs d’ ánkhōn toùs dè metaitôn,
      ou phrontízōn tôn idiōtôn oudenós, ei soì kharioímēn.
      • Translation by Eugene O'Neill, Jr.
        Is it possible, Demos, to love you more than I do? And firstly, as long as you have governed with my consent, have I not filled your treasury, putting pressure on some, torturing others or begging of them, indifferent to the opinion of private individuals, and solely anxious to please you?
    • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Symposium 32

Conjugation

   Present: ᾰ̓́γχω, ᾰ̓́γχομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ᾰ̓́γχω ᾰ̓́γχεις ᾰ̓́γχει ᾰ̓́γχετον ᾰ̓́γχετον ᾰ̓́γχομεν ᾰ̓́γχετε ᾰ̓́γχουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ᾰ̓́γχω ᾰ̓́γχῃς ᾰ̓́γχῃ ᾰ̓́γχητον ᾰ̓́γχητον ᾰ̓́γχωμεν ᾰ̓́γχητε ᾰ̓́γχωσῐ(ν)
optative ᾰ̓́γχοιμῐ ᾰ̓́γχοις ᾰ̓́γχοι ᾰ̓́γχοιτον ᾰ̓γχοίτην ᾰ̓́γχοιμεν ᾰ̓́γχοιτε ᾰ̓́γχοιεν
imperative   ᾰ̓́γχε ᾰ̓γχέτω ᾰ̓́γχετον ᾰ̓γχέτων   ᾰ̓́γχετε ᾰ̓γχόντων
middle/passive indicative ᾰ̓́γχομαι ᾰ̓́γχῃ,
ᾰ̓́γχει 		ᾰ̓́γχεται ᾰ̓́γχεσθον ᾰ̓́γχεσθον ᾰ̓γχόμεθᾰ ᾰ̓́γχεσθε ᾰ̓́γχονται
subjunctive ᾰ̓́γχωμαι ᾰ̓́γχῃ ᾰ̓́γχηται ᾰ̓́γχησθον ᾰ̓́γχησθον ᾰ̓γχώμεθᾰ ᾰ̓́γχησθε ᾰ̓́γχωνται
optative ᾰ̓γχοίμην ᾰ̓́γχοιο ᾰ̓́γχοιτο ᾰ̓́γχοισθον ᾰ̓γχοίσθην ᾰ̓γχοίμεθᾰ ᾰ̓́γχοισθε ᾰ̓́γχοιντο
imperative   ᾰ̓́γχου ᾰ̓γχέσθω ᾰ̓́γχεσθον ᾰ̓γχέσθων   ᾰ̓́γχεσθε ᾰ̓γχέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ᾰ̓́γχειν ᾰ̓́γχεσθαι
participle m ᾰ̓́γχων ᾰ̓γχόμενος
f ᾰ̓́γχουσᾰ ᾰ̓γχομένη
n ᾰ̓́γχον ᾰ̓γχόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἦγχον, ἠγχόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦγχον ἦγχες ἦγχε(ν) ἤγχετον ἠγχέτην ἤγχομεν ἤγχετε ἦγχον
middle/passive indicative ἠγχόμην ἤγχου ἤγχετο ἤγχεσθον ἠγχέσθην ἠγχόμεθᾰ ἤγχεσθε ἤγχοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ᾰ̓́γξω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ᾰ̓́γξω ᾰ̓́γξεις ᾰ̓́γξει ᾰ̓́γξετον ᾰ̓́γξετον ᾰ̓́γξομεν ᾰ̓́γξετε ᾰ̓́γξουσῐ(ν)
optative ᾰ̓́γξοιμῐ ᾰ̓́γξοις ᾰ̓́γξοι ᾰ̓́γξοιτον ᾰ̓γξοίτην ᾰ̓́γξοιμεν ᾰ̓́γξοιτε ᾰ̓́γξοιεν
active
infinitive ᾰ̓́γξειν
participle m ᾰ̓́γξων
f ᾰ̓́γξουσᾰ
n ᾰ̓́γξον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἦγξᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦγξᾰ ἦγξᾰς ἦγξε(ν) ἤγξᾰτον ἠγξᾰ́την ἤγξᾰμεν ἤγξᾰτε ἦγξᾰν
subjunctive ᾰ̓́γξω ᾰ̓́γξῃς ᾰ̓́γξῃ ᾰ̓́γξητον ᾰ̓́γξητον ᾰ̓́γξωμεν ᾰ̓́γξητε ᾰ̓́γξωσῐ(ν)
optative ᾰ̓́γξαιμῐ ᾰ̓́γξειᾰς,
ᾰ̓́γξαις 		ᾰ̓́γξειε(ν),
ᾰ̓́γξαι 		ᾰ̓́γξαιτον ᾰ̓γξαίτην ᾰ̓́γξαιμεν ᾰ̓́γξαιτε ᾰ̓́γξειᾰν,
ᾰ̓́γξαιεν
imperative   ᾰ̓́γξον ᾰ̓γξᾰ́τω ᾰ̓́γξᾰτον ᾰ̓γξᾰ́των   ᾰ̓́γξᾰτε ᾰ̓γξᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive ᾰ̓́γξαι
participle m ᾰ̓́γξᾱς
f ᾰ̓́γξᾱσᾰ
n ᾰ̓́γξᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ᾰ̓́γκτειρᾰ (ắnkteiră)
  • ᾰ̓γκτήρ (ănktḗr)
  • ᾰ̓́γξῐς (ắnxĭs)
  • ᾰ̓γχόνη (ănkhónē)
  • ᾰ̓γχώδης (ănkhṓdēs)
  • ᾰ̓νᾰ́γχω (ănắnkhō)
  • ᾰ̓πᾰ́γχω (ăpắnkhō)
  • δῐᾰ́γχω (dĭắnkhō)
  • κᾰτᾰ́γχω (kătắnkhō)
  • κῠνᾰ́γχη (kŭnắnkhē)
  • ὀροβᾰ́γχη (orobắnkhē)
  • περῐᾰ́γχω (perĭắnkhō)
  • ῠ̔ᾰ́γχη (hŭắnkhē)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄγχω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18

Further reading

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