ἀμάω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁- (“to reap, mow”).^[1] Cognate with English mow and Latin metō.

Pronunciation

With short initial ἀ:

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.má.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/

With long initial ἀ:

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /aː.má.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈma.o/

Usage notes

According to Liddell, Scott and Jones, Homer has initial ᾱ in the simple verb and ᾰ in compounds; Tragic authors always have ᾰ; some later authors have ᾱ and others ᾰ.

Verb

ἀμάω • (amáō)

(literally): to reap, cut
(metaphorically): to receive as a consequence, to obtain as a reward
- Hesiod, Theogony 599:
  ἀλλότριον κάματον σφετέρην ἐς γαστέρ' ἀμῶνται...
  They reap the rewards of other people's toil...

Conjugation

Present: ἀμᾰ́ω, ἀμᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀμᾰ́ω	ἀμᾰ́εις	ἀμᾰ́ει	ἀμᾰ́ετον	ἀμᾰ́ετον	ἀμᾰ́ομεν	ἀμᾰ́ετε	ἀμᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀμᾰ́ω	ἀμᾰ́ῃς	ἀμᾰ́ῃ	ἀμᾰ́ητον	ἀμᾰ́ητον	ἀμᾰ́ωμεν	ἀμᾰ́ητε	ἀμᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀμᾰ́οιμῐ	ἀμᾰ́οις	ἀμᾰ́οι	ἀμᾰ́οιτον	ἀμᾰοίτην	ἀμᾰ́οιμεν	ἀμᾰ́οιτε	ἀμᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		ἄμᾰε	ἀμᾰέτω	ἀμᾰ́ετον	ἀμᾰέτων		ἀμᾰ́ετε	ἀμᾰόντων
middle/passive	indicative	ἀμᾰ́ομαι	ἀμᾰ́ῃ, ἀμᾰ́ει	ἀμᾰ́εται	ἀμᾰ́εσθον	ἀμᾰ́εσθον	ἀμᾰόμεθᾰ	ἀμᾰ́εσθε	ἀμᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἀμᾰ́ωμαι	ἀμᾰ́ῃ	ἀμᾰ́ηται	ἀμᾰ́ησθον	ἀμᾰ́ησθον	ἀμᾰώμεθᾰ	ἀμᾰ́ησθε	ἀμᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ἀμᾰοίμην	ἀμᾰ́οιο	ἀμᾰ́οιτο	ἀμᾰ́οισθον	ἀμᾰοίσθην	ἀμᾰοίμεθᾰ	ἀμᾰ́οισθε	ἀμᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		ἀμᾰ́ου	ἀμᾰέσθω	ἀμᾰ́εσθον	ἀμᾰέσθων		ἀμᾰ́εσθε	ἀμᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀμᾰ́ειν				ἀμᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἀμᾰ́ων				ἀμᾰόμενος
	f	ἀμᾰ́ουσᾰ				ἀμᾰομένη
	n	ἀμᾰ́ον				ἀμᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ἀμῶ, ἀμῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀμῶ	ἀμᾷς	ἀμᾷ	ἀμᾶτον	ἀμᾶτον	ἀμῶμεν	ἀμᾶτε	ἀμῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀμῶ	ἀμᾷς	ἀμᾷ	ἀμᾶτον	ἀμᾶτον	ἀμῶμεν	ἀμᾶτε	ἀμῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀμῴην, ἀμῷμῐ	ἀμῴης, ἀμῷς	ἀμῴη, ἀμῷ	ἀμῷτον, ἀμῴητον	ἀμῴτην, ἀμῳήτην	ἀμῷμεν, ἀμῴημεν	ἀμῷτε, ἀμῴητε	ἀμῷεν, ἀμῴησᾰν
	imperative		ἄμᾱ	ἀμᾱ́τω	ἀμᾶτον	ἀμᾱ́των		ἀμᾶτε	ἀμώντων
middle/passive	indicative	ἀμῶμαι	ἀμᾷ	ἀμᾶται	ἀμᾶσθον	ἀμᾶσθον	ἀμώμεθᾰ	ἀμᾶσθε	ἀμῶνται
	subjunctive	ἀμῶμαι	ἀμᾷ	ἀμᾶται	ἀμᾶσθον	ἀμᾶσθον	ἀμώμεθᾰ	ἀμᾶσθε	ἀμῶνται
	optative	ἀμῴμην	ἀμῷο	ἀμῷτο	ἀμῷσθον	ἀμῴσθην	ἀμῴμεθᾰ	ἀμῷσθε	ἀμῷντο
	imperative		ἀμῶ	ἀμᾱ́σθω	ἀμᾶσθον	ἀμᾱ́σθων		ἀμᾶσθε	ἀμᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀμᾶν				ἀμᾶσθαι
participle	m	ἀμῶν				ἀμώμενος
	f	ἀμῶσᾰ				ἀμωμένη
	n	ἀμῶν				ἀμώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤμᾰον, ἠμᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤμᾰον	ἤμᾰες	ἤμᾰε(ν)	ἠμᾰ́ετον	ἠμᾰέτην	ἠμᾰ́ομεν	ἠμᾰ́ετε	ἤμᾰον
middle/passive	indicative	ἠμᾰόμην	ἠμᾰ́ου	ἠμᾰ́ετο	ἠμᾰ́εσθον	ἠμᾰέσθην	ἠμᾰόμεθᾰ	ἠμᾰ́εσθε	ἠμᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤμων, ἠμώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤμων	ἤμᾱς	ἤμᾱ	ἠμᾶτον	ἠμᾱ́την	ἠμῶμεν	ἠμᾶτε	ἤμων
middle/passive	indicative	ἠμώμην	ἠμῶ	ἠμᾶτο	ἠμᾶσθον	ἠμᾱ́σθην	ἠμώμεθᾰ	ἠμᾶσθε	ἠμῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἀμήσω, ἀμήσομαι, ἀμηθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀμήσω	ἀμήσεις	ἀμήσει	ἀμήσετον	ἀμήσετον	ἀμήσομεν	ἀμήσετε	ἀμήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ἀμήσοιμῐ	ἀμήσοις	ἀμήσοι	ἀμήσοιτον	ἀμησοίτην	ἀμήσοιμεν	ἀμήσοιτε	ἀμήσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἀμήσομαι	ἀμήσῃ, ἀμήσει	ἀμήσεται	ἀμήσεσθον	ἀμήσεσθον	ἀμησόμεθᾰ	ἀμήσεσθε	ἀμήσονται
middle	optative	ἀμησοίμην	ἀμήσοιο	ἀμήσοιτο	ἀμήσοισθον	ἀμησοίσθην	ἀμησοίμεθᾰ	ἀμήσοισθε	ἀμήσοιντο
passive	indicative	ἀμηθήσομαι	ἀμηθήσῃ, ἀμηθήσει	ἀμηθήσεται	ἀμηθήσεσθον	ἀμηθήσεσθον	ἀμηθησόμεθᾰ	ἀμηθήσεσθε	ἀμηθήσονται
passive	optative	ἀμηθησοίμην	ἀμηθήσοιο	ἀμηθήσοιτο	ἀμηθήσοισθον	ἀμηθησοίσθην	ἀμηθησοίμεθᾰ	ἀμηθήσοισθε	ἀμηθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἀμήσειν			ἀμήσεσθαι		ἀμηθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἀμήσων			ἀμησόμενος		ἀμηθησόμενος
	f	ἀμήσουσᾰ			ἀμησομένη		ἀμηθησομένη
	n	ἀμῆσον			ἀμησόμενον		ἀμηθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἤμησᾰ, ἠμησᾰ́μην, ἠμήθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤμησᾰ	ἤμησᾰς	ἤμησε(ν)	ἠμήσᾰτον	ἠμησᾰ́την	ἠμήσᾰμεν	ἠμήσᾰτε	ἤμησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀμήσω	ἀμήσῃς	ἀμήσῃ	ἀμήσητον	ἀμήσητον	ἀμήσωμεν	ἀμήσητε	ἀμήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀμήσαιμῐ	ἀμήσειᾰς, ἀμήσαις	ἀμήσειε(ν), ἀμήσαι	ἀμήσαιτον	ἀμησαίτην	ἀμήσαιμεν	ἀμήσαιτε	ἀμήσειᾰν, ἀμήσαιεν
	imperative		ἄμησον	ἀμησᾰ́τω	ἀμήσᾰτον	ἀμησᾰ́των		ἀμήσᾰτε	ἀμησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἠμησᾰ́μην	ἠμήσω	ἠμήσᾰτο	ἠμήσᾰσθον	ἠμησᾰ́σθην	ἠμησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠμήσᾰσθε	ἠμήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἀμήσωμαι	ἀμήσῃ	ἀμήσηται	ἀμήσησθον	ἀμήσησθον	ἀμησώμεθᾰ	ἀμήσησθε	ἀμήσωνται
	optative	ἀμησαίμην	ἀμήσαιο	ἀμήσαιτο	ἀμήσαισθον	ἀμησαίσθην	ἀμησαίμεθᾰ	ἀμήσαισθε	ἀμήσαιντο
	imperative		ἄμησαι	ἀμησᾰ́σθω	ἀμήσᾰσθον	ἀμησᾰ́σθων		ἀμήσᾰσθε	ἀμησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἠμήθην	ἠμήθης	ἠμήθη	ἠμήθητον	ἠμηθήτην	ἠμήθημεν	ἠμήθητε	ἠμήθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀμηθῶ	ἀμηθῇς	ἀμηθῇ	ἀμηθῆτον	ἀμηθῆτον	ἀμηθῶμεν	ἀμηθῆτε	ἀμηθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀμηθείην	ἀμηθείης	ἀμηθείη	ἀμηθεῖτον, ἀμηθείητον	ἀμηθείτην, ἀμηθειήτην	ἀμηθεῖμεν, ἀμηθείημεν	ἀμηθεῖτε, ἀμηθείητε	ἀμηθεῖεν, ἀμηθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἀμήθητῐ	ἀμηθήτω	ἀμήθητον	ἀμηθήτων		ἀμήθητε	ἀμηθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἀμῆσαι			ἀμήσᾰσθαι		ἀμηθῆναι
participle	m	ἀμήσᾱς			ἀμησᾰ́μενος		ἀμηθείς
	f	ἀμήσᾱσᾰ			ἀμησᾰμένη		ἀμηθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἀμῆσᾰν			ἀμησᾰ́μενον		ἀμηθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἄμησᾰ, ἀμησᾰ́μην, ἀμήθην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἄμησᾰ	ἄμησᾰς	ἄμησε(ν)	ἀμήσᾰτον	ἀμησᾰ́την	ἀμήσᾰμεν	ἀμήσᾰτε	ἄμησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀμήσω, ἀμήσωμῐ	ἀμήσῃς, ἀμήσῃσθᾰ	ἀμήσῃ, ἀμήσῃσῐ(ν)	ἀμήσητον, ἀμήσετον	ἀμήσητον, ἀμήσετον	ἀμήσωμεν, ἀμήσομεν	ἀμήσητε, ἀμήσετε	ἀμήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀμήσαιμῐ	ἀμήσαις, ἀμήσαισθᾰ, ἀμήσειᾰς	ἀμήσειε(ν), ἀμήσαι	ἀμησεῖτον	ἀμησείτην	ἀμησεῖμεν	ἀμησεῖτε	ἀμησεῖεν
	imperative		ἄμησον	ἀμησᾰ́τω	ἀμήσᾰτον	ἀμησᾰ́των		ἀμήσᾰτε	ἀμησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἀμησᾰ́μην	ἀμήσᾰο	ἀμήσᾰτο	ἀμήσᾰσθον	ἀμησᾰ́σθην	ἀμησᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	ἀμήσᾰσθε	ἀμήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἀμήσωμαι, ἀμήσομαι	ἀμήσῃ, ἀμήσεαι	ἀμήσηται, ἀμήσεται	ἀμήσησθον	ἀμήσησθον	ἀμησώμε(σ)θᾰ, ἀμησόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἀμήσησθε	ἀμήσωνται
	optative	ἀμησαίμην	ἀμήσαιο	ἀμήσαιτο	ἀμήσαισθον	ἀμησαίσθην	ἀμησαίμε(σ)θᾰ	ἀμήσαισθε	ἀμησαίᾰτο
	imperative		ἄμησαι	ἀμησᾰ́σθω	ἀμήσᾰσθον	ἀμησᾰ́σθων		ἀμήσᾰσθε	ἀμησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἀμήθην	ἀμήθης	ἀμήθη	ἀμήθητον	ἀμηθήτην	ἀμήθημεν	ἀμήθητε	ἀμήθησᾰν, ἄμηθεν
	subjunctive	ἀμηθῶ	ἀμηθῇς	ἀμηθῇ	ἀμηθῆτον	ἀμηθῆτον	ἀμηθῶμεν	ἀμηθῆτε	ἀμηθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀμηθείην	ἀμηθείης	ἀμηθείη	ἀμηθεῖτον, ἀμηθείητον	ἀμηθείτην, ἀμηθειήτην	ἀμηθεῖμεν, ἀμηθείημεν	ἀμηθεῖτε, ἀμηθείητε	ἀμηθεῖεν, ἀμηθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἀμήθητῐ	ἀμηθήτω	ἀμήθητον	ἀμηθήτων		ἀμήθητε	ἀμηθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἀμῆσαι, ἀμησᾰ́μεν, ἀμησᾰμέναι			ἀμήσᾰσθαι		ἀμηθῆναι, ἀμηθήμεναι
participle	m	ἀμήσᾱς			ἀμησᾰ́μενος		ἀμηθείς
	f	ἀμήσᾱσᾰ			ἀμησᾰμένη		ἀμηθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἀμῆσᾰν			ἀμησᾰ́μενον		ἀμηθέν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἤμηκᾰ, ἤμημαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤμηκᾰ	ἤμηκᾰς	ἤμηκε(ν)	ἠμήκᾰτον	ἠμήκᾰτον	ἠμήκᾰμεν	ἠμήκᾰτε	ἠμήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἠμήκω	ἠμήκῃς	ἠμήκῃ	ἠμήκητον	ἠμήκητον	ἠμήκωμεν	ἠμήκητε	ἠμήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠμήκοιμῐ, ἠμηκοίην	ἠμήκοις, ἠμηκοίης	ἠμήκοι, ἠμηκοίη	ἠμήκοιτον	ἠμηκοίτην	ἠμήκοιμεν	ἠμήκοιτε	ἠμήκοιεν
	imperative		ἤμηκε	ἠμηκέτω	ἠμήκετον	ἠμηκέτων		ἠμήκετε	ἠμηκόντων
middle/passive	indicative	ἤμημαι	ἤμησαι	ἤμηται	ἤμησθον	ἤμησθον	ἠμήμεθᾰ	ἤμησθε	ἤμηνται
	subjunctive	ἠμημένος ὦ	ἠμημένος ᾖς	ἠμημένος ᾖ	ἠμημένω ἦτον	ἠμημένω ἦτον	ἠμημένοι ὦμεν	ἠμημένοι ἦτε	ἠμημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠμημένος εἴην	ἠμημένος εἴης	ἠμημένος εἴη	ἠμημένω εἴητον, εἶτον	ἠμημένω εἰήτην, εἴτην	ἠμημένοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν	ἠμημένοι εἴητε, εἶτε	ἠμημένοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν
	imperative		ἤμησο	ἠμήσθω	ἤμησθον	ἠμήσθων		ἤμησθε	ἠμήσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἠμηκέναι				ἠμῆσθαι
participle	m	ἠμηκώς				ἠμημένος
	f	ἠμηκυῖᾰ				ἠμημένη
	n	ἠμηκός				ἠμημένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Notes

By the late Hellenistic period, ἀμάω had largely been replaced by θερίζω as the primary vehicle for both the literal and metaphorical meanings of "reap".

Derived terms

ᾱ̓́μητος (ā́mētos)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀμάω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 84