ἀλλήλων

• ᾰ̓λλᾱ́λων (ăllā́lōn) — Aeolic, Doric

From phrases such as ᾰ̓́λλος ᾰ̓́λλον (ắllos ắllon), ᾰ̓́λλοι ᾰ̓́λλους (ắlloi ắllous, “one another”), with loss of λ either by dissimilation or by the lengthening of α, as well as restoration of the second initial vowel ή (ḗ) (< *h₂élyos (“other”)). For similar formations, compare Latin alius alium, Sanskrit अन्योन्य (anyonya, “one another, mutual”).^[1]

ᾰ̓λλήλων • (ăllḗlōn)

1. referring back to a plural subject, and expressing an action done in two directions: of one another, to one another, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally

   ἀλλήλας νίπτουσι χεῖρες.

   allḗlas níptousi kheîres.

   Hands wash each other.

   • c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.62–63:

     ἀλλ' ἤτοι μὲν ταῦθ' ὑποείξομεν ἀλλήλοισι, / σοὶ μὲν ἐγώ, σὺ δ’ ἐμοί·

     all’ ḗtoi mèn taûth’ hupoeíxomen allḗloisi, / soì mèn egṓ, sù d’ emoí;

     Anyway, let's yield herein to one another, / I to you, and you to me.

   • 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 189
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.223
   • 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.70
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.4.23
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 264B
   • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 472C
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 57B.18
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 59A.32
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 953B.32
   • 3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 9.89

• “ἀλλήλων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀλλήλων”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀλλήλων”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀλλήλων in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀλλήλων in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀλλήλων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
• G240 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN