हिम

See also: ह्म, हम, and हामी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हिम (himá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”). Doublet of हिँव (hĩv), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɦɪm/, [ɦɪ̃m]

Noun

हिम • (him) m (Urdu spelling ہم)

snow, ice, frost
Synonym: बर्फ़ (barf)

अगला हिम युग कब आएगा इसका सटीक आकलन फ़िलहाल नहीं किया जा सका है।
aglā him yug kab āegā iskā saṭīk āklan filhāl nahī̃ kiyā jā sakā hai.
Currently, we cannot accurately estimate when the next ice age will arrive.

Declension

Declension of *हिम* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	हिम him	हिम him
oblique	हिम him	हिमों himõ
vocative	हिम him	हिमो himo

Derived terms

हिम कमल (him kamal, “snow lotus”)
हिम तेंदुआ (him tenduā, “snow leopard”)
हिमकंदुक (himkanduk, “snowball”)
हिमखंड (himkhaṇḍ, “iceberg”)
हिमनदी (himandī, “glacier, ice-river”)
हिमपात (himpāt, “snowfall”)
हिममानव (himmānav, “snowman”)
हिमलंब (himlamb, “icicle”)
हिमवंत (himvant, “snow-like, bright”)
हिमशिखर (himśikhar, “ice-cap”)
हिमशैल (himśail, “iceberg”)
हिमांक (himāṅk, “freezing point”)
हिमांशु (himāñśu, “moon”)
हिमाचल (himācal, “land of snow-clad mountains”)
हिमाद्रि (himādri, “snow peak”)
हिमानी (himānī, “glacier”)
हिमालय (himālay, “abode of snow”)
हिमेश (himeś, “lord of snow”)

References

Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “हिम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

hima (Latin script)
𑀳𑀺𑀫 (Brahmi script)
হিম (Bengali script)
හිම (Sinhalese script)
ဟိမ or ႁိမ (Burmese script)
หิม or หิมะ (Thai script)
ᩉᩥᨾ (Tai Tham script)
ຫິມ or ຫິມະ (Lao script)
ហិម (Khmer script)
𑄦𑄨𑄟 (Chakma script)

Noun

हिम n

Devanagari script form of hima (“snow”)

Declension

Declension table of "हिम" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	हिमं (himaṃ)	हिमानि (himāni)
Accusative (second)	हिमं (himaṃ)	हिमानि (himāni)
Instrumental (third)	हिमेन (himena)	हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi)
Dative (fourth)	हिमस्स (himassa) or हिमाय (himāya) or हिमत्थं (himatthaṃ)	हिमानं (himānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	हिमस्मा (himasmā) or हिमम्हा (himamhā) or हिमा (himā)	हिमेहि (himehi) or हिमेभि (himebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	हिमस्स (himassa)	हिमानं (himānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	हिमस्मिं (himasmiṃ) or हिमम्हि (himamhi) or हिमे (hime)	हिमेसु (himesu)
Vocative (calling)	हिम (hima)	हिमानि (himāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

হিম (Assamese script)
ᬳᬶᬫ (Balinese script)
হিম (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰰𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀺𑀫 (Brahmi script)
ဟိမ (Burmese script)
હિમ (Gujarati script)
ਹਿਮ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌹𑌿𑌮 (Grantha script)
ꦲꦶꦩ (Javanese script)
𑂯𑂱𑂧 (Kaithi script)
ಹಿಮ (Kannada script)
ហិម (Khmer script)
ຫິມ (Lao script)
ഹിമ (Malayalam script)
ᡥᡳᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘮𑘱𑘦 (Modi script)
ᠾᠢᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧎𑧒𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐶𑐩 (Newa script)
ହିମ (Odia script)
ꢲꢶꢪ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆴𑆩 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖰𑖦 (Siddham script)
හිම (Sinhalese script)
𑪂𑩑𑩴 (Soyombo script)
𑚩𑚮𑚢 (Takri script)
ஹிம (Tamil script)
హిమ (Telugu script)
หิม (Thai script)
ཧི་མ (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒱𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
𑨱𑨁𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-

Proto-Indo-European *-ōm

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás

Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰimás

Sanskrit हि॒म

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰimás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós, from *ǵʰey- + *-ōm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), Ashkun žím, Kamkata-viri źím, Waigali zim, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (giman), Latin hiems, Lithuanian žiema, Old Church Slavonic зима (zima).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦi.mɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦi.mɐ/

Noun

हि॒म • (himá) stem, m

cold, frost
the cold season, winter

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हि॒म
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हि॒मः (himáḥ)	हि॒मौ (himáu) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)	हि॒माः (himā́ḥ) हि॒मासः॑¹ (himā́saḥ¹)
accusative	हि॒मम् (himám)	हि॒मौ (himáu) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)	हि॒मान् (himā́n)
instrumental	हि॒मेन॑ (hiména)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मैः (himáiḥ) हि॒मेभिः॑¹ (himébhiḥ¹)
dative	हि॒माय॑ (himā́ya)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
ablative	हि॒मात् (himā́t)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
genitive	हि॒मस्य॑ (himásya)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒माना॑म् (himā́nām)
locative	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒मेषु॑ (himéṣu)
vocative	हिम॑ (híma)	हिमौ॑ (hímau) हिमा॑¹ (hímā¹)	हिमाः॑ (hímāḥ) हिमा॑सः¹ (hímāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

हि॒म • (himá) stem, n

frost, hoarfrost, snow (rarely "ice")
sandalwood (of cooling properties)

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हि॒म
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हि॒मम् (himám)	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मानि॑ (himā́ni) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)
accusative	हि॒मम् (himám)	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मानि॑ (himā́ni) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)
instrumental	हि॒मेन॑ (hiména)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मैः (himáiḥ) हि॒मेभिः॑¹ (himébhiḥ¹)
dative	हि॒माय॑ (himā́ya)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
ablative	हि॒मात् (himā́t)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
genitive	हि॒मस्य॑ (himásya)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒माना॑म् (himā́nām)
locative	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒मेषु॑ (himéṣu)
vocative	हिम॑ (híma)	हिमे॑ (híme)	हिमा॑नि (hímāni) हिमा॑¹ (hímā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

हिमाचल (himācala)

Descendants

Inherited

Dardic:
- Chitrali:
  - Khowar: ہیم (him)
- Kashmiric:
  - Kashmiri: ⇒ ہِمُن (himun, “to snow”)
- Kohistani:
  - Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (hī̃)
  - Kalami: ہم (him)
  - Torwali: ہم (him)
  - Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (īm)
- Kunar:
  - Gawar-Bati: ہم (hīm)
  - Grangali: [script needed] (im)
  - Shumashti: [script needed] (īm)
- Pashayi:
  - Northeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
  - Northwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
  - Southeast Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
  - Southwest Pashayi: ہم (hīm)
- Shinaic:
  - Dangari:
    - Savi: [script needed] (hina)
  - Shina: ہم (him)
Pali: hima
Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀫 (hima)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindi: हिँव (hĩv)
- Insular Indo-Aryan:
  - Sinhalese: හිම (hima)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Garhwali: हिउँ (hiũ)
  - Kumaoni: हिउँ (hiũ)
  - Nepali: हिउँ (hiũ)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi: ਹਿਓ (hio)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani: इंव (ĩv)
  - Old Marathi: 𑘮𑘱𑘽𑘪 (hiṃva)
    - Marathi: हिंव (hiuva)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Romani: iv

Borrowed

→ Hindi: हिम (him)
→ Kannada: ಹಿಮ (hima)
→ Santali: ᱦᱤᱢ (him)
→ Tamil: இமம் (imam)
→ Telugu: హిమము (himamu)
→ Thai: หิมะ (hì-má)
→ Lao: ຫິມະ (hi ma)
→ Shan: ႁီႉမႃႉ (hḭ̂i mâ̰a)

Adjective

हि॒म • (himá) stem

cold, cool

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हि॒म
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हि॒मः (himáḥ)	हि॒मौ (himáu) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)	हि॒माः (himā́ḥ) हि॒मासः॑¹ (himā́saḥ¹)
accusative	हि॒मम् (himám)	हि॒मौ (himáu) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)	हि॒मान् (himā́n)
instrumental	हि॒मेन॑ (hiména)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मैः (himáiḥ) हि॒मेभिः॑¹ (himébhiḥ¹)
dative	हि॒माय॑ (himā́ya)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
ablative	हि॒मात् (himā́t)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
genitive	हि॒मस्य॑ (himásya)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒माना॑म् (himā́nām)
locative	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒मेषु॑ (himéṣu)
vocative	हिम॑ (híma)	हिमौ॑ (hímau) हिमा॑¹ (hímā¹)	हिमाः॑ (hímāḥ) हिमा॑सः¹ (hímāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of हि॒मा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हि॒मा (himā́)	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒माः (himā́ḥ)
accusative	हि॒माम् (himā́m)	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒माः (himā́ḥ)
instrumental	हि॒मया॑ (himáyā) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒माभिः॑ (himā́bhiḥ)
dative	हि॒मायै॑ (himā́yai)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒माभ्यः॑ (himā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	हि॒मायाः॑ (himā́yāḥ) हि॒मायै॑² (himā́yai²)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒माभ्यः॑ (himā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	हि॒मायाः॑ (himā́yāḥ) हि॒मायै॑² (himā́yai²)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒माना॑म् (himā́nām)
locative	हि॒माया॑म् (himā́yām)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒मासु॑ (himā́su)
vocative	हिमे॑ (híme)	हिमे॑ (híme)	हिमाः॑ (hímāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of हि॒म
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हि॒मम् (himám)	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मानि॑ (himā́ni) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)
accusative	हि॒मम् (himám)	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मानि॑ (himā́ni) हि॒मा¹ (himā́¹)
instrumental	हि॒मेन॑ (hiména)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मैः (himáiḥ) हि॒मेभिः॑¹ (himébhiḥ¹)
dative	हि॒माय॑ (himā́ya)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
ablative	हि॒मात् (himā́t)	हि॒माभ्या॑म् (himā́bhyām)	हि॒मेभ्यः॑ (himébhyaḥ)
genitive	हि॒मस्य॑ (himásya)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒माना॑म् (himā́nām)
locative	हि॒मे (himé)	हि॒मयोः॑ (himáyoḥ)	हि॒मेषु॑ (himéṣu)
vocative	हिम॑ (híma)	हिमे॑ (híme)	हिमा॑नि (hímāni) हिमा॑¹ (hímā¹)

¹Vedic

Related terms

हेमन् (heman)
हेमन्त (hemanta)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “हिम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1298/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 815-6
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “himá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press