हस्

See also: हँस, हंस, हस, हँसी, हिंसा, and हाँसो

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • হস্ (Assamese script)
  • ᬳᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
  • হস্ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰮𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀳𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
  • ဟသ် (Burmese script)
  • હસ્ (Gujarati script)
  • ਹਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌹𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
  • ꦲꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂯𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
  • ಹಸ್ (Kannada script)
  • ហស៑ (Khmer script)
  • ຫສ຺ (Lao script)
  • ഹസ് (Malayalam script)
  • ᡥᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘮𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
  • ᠾᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧎𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐴𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
  • ହସ୍ (Odia script)
  • ꢲꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆲𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖮𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
  • හස් (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑪂𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚩𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
  • ஹஸ் (Tamil script)
  • హస్ (Telugu script)
  • หสฺ (Thai script)
  • ཧ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒯𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨱𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰas-
Sanskrit हस्

    From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰas- (“to laugh”). Compare the reduplicated root जक्ष् (jakṣ).

    Further etymology

    There is a wide variety of variation in Indo-Aryan forms, as well as in a possible connection to Iranian. An attempt is made to explain their development below. The best way to formally reconcile these varied forms is to reconstruct Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰas-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰes-.[1][2] This root's descendants have only been found in Indo-Iranian, and it may have origins as a natural exclamation, though this is difficult to prove.[3]

    • Sanskrit जाहस्यते (jāhasyate, intensive): Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰā́-źʰas-ya-tay → *źā́źʰasyatay well described by Grassmann's law. This offers initial evidence for the initial consonant of the root being *źʰ.
    • Vedic Sanskrit जक्षतः (jákṣataḥ, masculine plural present participle), Pali jagghati (reduplicated thematic present):
      PIE: *gʰé-gʰz-o-
      → pre-PII: *ǰʰágʰza-
      → PII: *ǰʰágžʰa- (assimilation of aspiration; may have occurred earlier)
      → PIA: *źʰágẓʰa- (TST assimilation)
      → OIA: *źágẓʰa- (Grassman's law)
      → Vedic: जक्ष- (jákṣa-); MIA: jaggha-
    • Vedic Sanskrit जज्झतीः (jájjhatīḥ, feminine plural present participle), a dialectal form in the Rigveda, albeit formally cognate with जक्षतः (jákṣataḥ), is difficult to fit into this paradigm. Perhaps metathesis can explain it.
      PIE: *gʰé-zgʰ-o-
      → pre-PII: *ǰʰázǵʰa-
      → PII: *ǰʰázȷ́ʰa-
      → PIA: *źʰáźȷ́ʰa-
      → OIA: *źáźȷ́ʰa-
      → Vedic: *जज्झ- (jájjha-)
    • Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬵𐬌𐬐𐬁 (jahikā, “prostitute”), 𐬘𐬀𐬵𐬍 (jahī) is often tied to this root,[1] given the similar Sanskrit हस्रा (hasrā́, “prostitute”) from this root. This is not uncontroversial.[4] Tentatively, it is possible that this is a feminine diminutive nominal Proto-Iranian *ǰahikā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰas-ikā.
    • Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬒𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zax́iia) has been interpreted to mean "laughable" and is mentioned as the formal cognate of हास्य (hāsya)[5] but this interpretation is uncertain.[6] Moreover, there are formal problems as 𐬰𐬀𐬒𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zax́iia) reflects a Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰas- from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-.

    Pronunciation

    Root

    हस् • (has)

    1. laugh, smile
      • DP 01.0822

    Derived terms

    Primary verbal forms
    • हसति (hasati, present)
    • हसते (hasate, present)
    • हसिष्यति (hasiṣyati, future)
    • हसिता (hasitā, periphrastic future)
    • अहसीत् (ahasīt, aorist)
    • जहास (jahāsa, perfect)
    • जहसे (jahase, perfect)
    Secondary forms
    • हस्यते (hasyate, passive)
    • हासयति (hāsayati, causative)
    • जिहसिषति (jihasiṣati, desiderative)
    • जाहस्यते (jāhasyate, intensive)
    • जाहस्ति (jāhasti, intensive)
    Non-finite forms
    • हसित (hasita, past participle)
    • हसितुम् (hasitum, infinitive)
    • हसित्वा (hasitvā, gerund)
    • हस्य (hasya, gerund)
    Derived nominal forms
    Sanskrit terms belonging to the root हस् (0 c, 2 e)
    Terms derived from the Sanskrit root हस् (19 c, 0 e)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “has”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g(u̯)hes-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 199
    3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 587-588
    4. ^ Jean Kellens (2013), “Jahikā et le Vocabulaire Daivique”, in Gifts to a Magus. Indo-Iranian Studies honoring Firoze Kotwal‎[2], New York, pages 123-127
    5. ^ Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1909), “Laughable”, in An English–Avesta Dictionary‎[3], Bombay: The Fort Printing Press, →OCLC, page 302
    6. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “HAS1”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[4] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 812
    This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.