स्पृध्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- স্পৃধ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬧᬺᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
- স্পৃধ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰢𑰴𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀧𑀾𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- သ္ပၖဓ် (Burmese script)
- સ્પૃધ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਪ੍ਰਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌪𑍃𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦥꦽꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂣𑃂𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ಪೃಧ್ (Kannada script)
- ស្ប្ឫធ៑ (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ປ຺ຣິຘ຺ (Lao script)
- സ്പൃധ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᢒᡵᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘢𑘵𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠰᢒᠷᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑧂𑧖𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐺𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ପୃଧ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢦꢺꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆥𑆸𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖢𑖴𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ස්පෘධ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩰𑩙𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚞𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஸ்ப்ரித்⁴ (Tamil script)
- స్పృధ్ (Telugu script)
- สฺปฺฤธฺ (Thai script)
- སྤྲྀ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒣𑒵𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨞𑨼𑨉𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spŕ̥dʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *spŕ̥dʰ, from the root *sperdʰ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (spərəd), Hittite [script needed] (iš-par-zi-zi /išpartzi/), Proto-Germanic *spurdz.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /spŕ̩dʱ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪pr̩d̪ʱ/
Adjective
स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem
- emulous, vying with
Noun
स्पृध् • (spṛ́dh) stem, f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | स्पृत् (spṛ́t) | स्पृधौ॑ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा॑¹ (spṛ́dhā¹) |
स्पृधः॑ (spṛ́dhaḥ) |
| accusative | स्पृध॑म् (spṛ́dham) | स्पृधौ॑ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा॑¹ (spṛ́dhā¹) |
स्पृधः॑ (spṛ́dhaḥ) |
| instrumental | स्पृ॒धा (spṛdhā́) | स्पृ॒द्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m) | स्पृ॒द्भिः (spṛdbhíḥ) |
| dative | स्पृ॒धे (spṛdhé) | स्पृ॒द्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m) | स्पृ॒द्भ्यः (spṛdbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | स्पृ॒धः (spṛdháḥ) | स्पृ॒द्भ्याम् (spṛdbhyā́m) | स्पृ॒द्भ्यः (spṛdbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | स्पृ॒धः (spṛdháḥ) | स्पृ॒धोः (spṛdhóḥ) | स्पृ॒धाम् (spṛdhā́m) |
| locative | स्पृ॒धि (spṛdhí) | स्पृ॒धोः (spṛdhóḥ) | स्पृ॒त्सु (spṛtsú) |
| vocative | स्पृत् (spṛ́t) | स्पृधौ॑ (spṛ́dhau) स्पृधा॑¹ (spṛ́dhā¹) |
स्पृधः॑ (spṛ́dhaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ-
Sanskrit स्पृध्
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spardʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ-.[1][2]
Root
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- स्पर्ध॑ते (spárdhate, present)
- स्पर्धति (spardhati, present)
- स्पर्धिष्यते (spardhiṣyate, future)
- स्पर्धिता (spardhitā, periphrastic future)
- अस्पृध्रन् (aspṛdhran, aorist)
- स्पृ॒धा॒न (spṛdhāná, aorist)
- अस्पर्धिष्ट (aspardhiṣṭa, aorist)
- प॒स्पृ॒धे (paspṛdhé, perfect)
- पस्पर्ध (paspardha, perfect)
Non-finite forms
- स्पर्धित (spardhita, past participle)
- स्पर्धि॑तुम् (spárdhitum, infinitive)
- स्पू॒र्धसे॑ (spūrdháse, infinitive)
- स्पृध्य॑ (spṛ́dhya, gerund)
- स्पर्ध्य (spardhya, gerundive)
- स्पर्धनीय (spardhanīya, gerundive)
Derived nominal forms
- स्पर्धा (spardhā)
- स्पर्धस् (spardhas)
- स्पर्धिन् (spardhin)
Prefixed root forms
- विस्पृध् (vispṛdh)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्पृध् (0 c, 2 e)
Category Terms derived from the Sanskrit root स्पृध् not found
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SPARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 774
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “spardh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 466
- ^ Monier Williams (1899), “स्पर्ध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1268, column 2.
- ^ William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 196
- ^ पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE), धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 1.3
Further reading
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “स्पृध्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “स्पृध्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “spṛdh”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 580
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 995